Kuzik Nicholas, Spence John C, Arkko Kevin, Blye Clara-Jane, Davie Jenna, Duddridge Ria, Ekeli Tyler, English April, Etruw Evelyn, Hunter Stephen, Lamboglia Carminda Goersch, Nesdoly Autumn, Predy Madison, Rubuliak Rebecca, Wohlers Brendan, Wright Kelsey, Carson Valerie
Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-151 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
J Act Sedentary Sleep Behav. 2022 Sep 1;1(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s44167-022-00002-4.
The importance of all movement behaviours (i.e., sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity) for children's health has led to the creation of national and international 24-h movement behaviour guidelines for children. Few studies have examined the associations between guideline adherence and a broad array of health indicators in early childhood, and no study has done so with composite development scores for overall development. The objective of the present study was to examine associations for 24-h movement guideline adherence with physical, cognitive, social-emotional, and overall development indicators in a sample of 3-5-year-olds.
Children (n = 95) were recruited for this cross-sectional study in Edmonton, Canada. Sleep, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity were measured with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Screen time was measured via parental-report. Guideline recommendation adherence was categorized using the Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines. Composite z-scores were created for physical (i.e., adiposity, growth, motor skills), cognitive (i.e., vocabulary, executive functions), social-emotional (i.e., self-regulation, social-emotional behaviours), and overall development. Linear regression models were conducted to examine associations between meeting different recommendation combinations (e.g., physical activity alone, combination of physical activity and sleep), and number of recommendations met (e.g., meeting only one of any of the recommendations) with each composite development outcome variable adjusted for relevant covariates.
Most children were 3-4 years old (77%) and males (69%). The physical activity guideline recommendation was the most frequently met single recommendation (94%), while the physical activity and sleep recommendations (80%) were the most frequently met combination of two recommendations. Further, 43% of children met all three recommendations. Meeting the sleep recommendation was positively associated with overall development (B: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.08-0.50), while meeting both the sleep and physical activity recommendations was positively associated with overall (B: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10-0.46) and physical (B: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.03-0.51) development.
Meeting sleep recommendations alone, as well as the combination of sleep and physical activity recommendations were associated with better physical and overall development in this sample. Future research should continue to examine a broad array of development outcomes using longitudinal study designs across early childhood.
所有运动行为（即睡眠、久坐行为和体育活动）对儿童健康的重要性促使各国和国际上制定了儿童24小时运动行为指南。很少有研究探讨幼儿期指南依从性与一系列广泛健康指标之间的关联，且尚无研究针对整体发育的综合发育得分进行此类探讨。本研究的目的是在一个3至5岁儿童样本中，考察24小时运动指南依从性与身体、认知、社会情感及整体发育指标之间的关联。
在加拿大埃德蒙顿招募儿童（n = 95）参与这项横断面研究。使用ActiGraph wGT3X - BT加速度计测量睡眠、轻度体育活动和中度至剧烈体育活动。通过家长报告测量屏幕使用时间。使用加拿大24小时运动指南对指南建议的依从性进行分类。为身体（即肥胖、生长、运动技能）、认知（即词汇、执行功能）、社会情感（即自我调节、社会情感行为）和整体发育创建综合z分数。进行线性回归模型，以检验达到不同建议组合（例如，仅体育活动、体育活动和睡眠的组合）以及达到的建议数量（例如，仅达到任何一项建议）与每个综合发育结果变量之间的关联，并对相关协变量进行调整。
大多数儿童为3至4岁（77%），男性（69%）。体育活动指南建议是最常达到的单一建议（94%），而体育活动和睡眠建议（80%）是最常达到的两项建议组合。此外，43%的儿童达到了所有三项建议。达到睡眠建议与整体发育呈正相关（B：0.29；95%置信区间：0.08 - 0.50）；达到睡眠和体育活动两项建议与整体（B：0.28；95%置信区间：0.10 - 0.46）和身体（B：0.27；95%置信区间：0.03 - 0.51）发育呈正相关。
在本样本中，仅达到睡眠建议以及达到睡眠和体育活动建议的组合与更好的身体和整体发育相关。未来的研究应继续使用纵向研究设计，考察幼儿期一系列广泛的发育结果。
