Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2020 Sep;23(9):846-853. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.02.011. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
To examine whether meeting the Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with cognitive and psychosocial health in preschoolers.
Prospective observational study.
Cross-sectional (n=247) and 12-month longitudinal (n=185) data from the PATH-ABC study were examined. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Parents reported children's screen time and sleep. Children were categorised at baseline as meeting: i) none/one guideline, ii) two guidelines, or iii) 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Associations with executive functions and psychosocial health were examined using linear regression, adjusting for covariates and preschool clustering. Longitudinal associations were additionally adjusted for baseline levels of development.
High proportions of children met the physical activity (94.3%) and sleep (89.9%) guidelines, 17.8% and 17.4% met screen time and 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, respectively. Cross-sectionally, children meeting both sleep and physical activity guidelines displayed better phonological working memory (p=0.026) and shifting (p= 0.034) scores compared to children who did not. Meeting two (p=0.037) and three (p=0.017) guidelines were associated with better phonological working memory and shifting scores, respectively (vs. meeting 0/1 guideline). Longitudinally, children meeting the physical activity guideline at baseline displayed better shifting performance 12-months later compared to those who did not (p<0.002). No associations with remaining cognitive outcomes, and no associations with psychosocial outcomes were evident.
Null associations suggest that meeting the recommendations may not be adequate for broad cognitive and psychosocial health outcomes in preschoolers. However, supporting preschool children to meet the physical activity and sleep guidelines, may be beneficial for aspects of cognitive health.
研究学龄前儿童是否符合澳大利亚 24 小时运动指南与认知和心理社会健康之间的关系。
前瞻性观察研究。
研究使用 PATH-ABC 研究的横断面（n=247）和 12 个月纵向（n=185）数据。通过加速度计评估体力活动。家长报告儿童的屏幕时间和睡眠情况。根据基线情况，将儿童分为以下三类：i）不符合/符合一条指南，ii）符合两条指南，或 iii）符合 24 小时运动指南。使用线性回归，调整协变量和学前聚类，检查与执行功能和心理社会健康的关联。纵向关联还根据发展的基线水平进行调整。
大部分儿童符合体力活动（94.3%）和睡眠（89.9%）指南，分别有 17.8%和 17.4%符合屏幕时间和 24 小时运动指南的要求。横断面研究中，同时符合睡眠和体力活动指南的儿童在语音工作记忆（p=0.026）和转换（p=0.034）方面的得分优于不符合的儿童。符合两条（p=0.037）和三条（p=0.017）指南与更好的语音工作记忆和转换得分相关（与符合 0/1 条指南相比）。纵向研究中，基线时符合体力活动指南的儿童在 12 个月后转换表现更好（p<0.002）。未发现与其他认知结果相关，也未发现与心理社会结果相关。
无关联的结果表明，符合建议可能不足以对学龄前儿童的广泛认知和心理社会健康结果产生影响。然而，支持学龄前儿童符合体力活动和睡眠指南，可能有益于认知健康的某些方面。
