Hagos Fitsum, Ayele Habtamu Molla, Kebede Eyob Hailu, Abagero Abdulnasir, Kifle Awgichew
Public Health Emergency Management Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Maternal and Child Health Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Epidemiol. 2025 Mar 31;5:1480230. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2025.1480230. eCollection 2025.
Cholera is a highly contagious bacterial disease that causes severe watery diarrhea. It spreads mainly through contaminated food or water containing O139 and remains a major global public health threat. We investigated an outbreak to identify its cause, source, and risk factors and to develop control measures.
A suspected case was classified as the occurrence of acute watery diarrhea in a Dollo Ado District resident aged 2 or older between February 2, 2023 and March 15, 2023. A confirmed case was a suspected case with detected in the patient's stool sample. An investigation of the outbreak was conducted; cases were described and the environment, where contamination may take place assessed and an unmatched case-control study conducted in Suftu Kebele, which served as the epi center of the outbreak. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for cholera infection.
A total of 92 cases were identified, including 66 males and 26 females, with four deaths (4.3% fatality rate). Males had a higher attack rate (2.4 per 1,000 people) than females (1.6 per 1,000 people). Suftu village was the hardest-hit area (attack rate: 41 per 1,000 people). The outbreak began after a person suspected of having cholera returned from mandera, kenya, on February 2, 2023. Five days later, cases emerged in suftu village. Many residents practiced open defecation and used the dawa river for bathing, washing clothes, and drinking. Using untreated river water significantly increased the risk of infection (AOR = 20, 95% CI: 5.2-73).
The outbreak likely started at a funeral of a suspected cholera case, spreading through contaminated river water. It was contained within a week by restricting river water use and preventing further contamination.
霍乱是一种极具传染性的细菌性疾病，可导致严重的水样腹泻。它主要通过受污染的食物或含有O139的水传播，仍然是全球主要的公共卫生威胁。我们调查了一次霍乱疫情，以确定其病因、源头和风险因素，并制定控制措施。
疑似病例定义为2023年2月2日至2023年3月15日期间，多洛阿多地区2岁及以上居民出现的急性水样腹泻。确诊病例为在患者粪便样本中检测到的疑似病例。对此次疫情进行了调查；描述了病例情况，评估了可能发生污染的环境，并在作为疫情流行中心的苏夫图凯贝勒进行了非匹配病例对照研究。采用逻辑回归确定霍乱感染的风险因素。
共确诊92例，其中男性66例，女性26例，4例死亡（病死率4.3%）。男性的发病率（每1000人中有2.4例）高于女性（每1000人中有1.6例）。苏夫图村是受灾最严重的地区（发病率：每1000人中有41例）。此次疫情始于2023年2月2日一名疑似霍乱患者从肯尼亚曼德拉返回之后。五天后，苏夫图村出现病例。许多居民有露天排便的习惯，并使用达瓦河洗澡、洗衣服和饮用。使用未经处理的河水显著增加了感染风险（比值比=20，95%置信区间：5.2-73）。
此次疫情可能始于一名疑似霍乱病例的葬礼，通过受污染的河水传播。通过限制河水使用和防止进一步污染，疫情在一周内得到控制。
