药物流产期间影响流产持续时间、出血量、疼痛评分及焦虑水平的因素：一项横断面研究
Factors influencing abortion duration, bleeding volume, pain scores, and anxiety levels during medical abortion: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Wu Wenbo, Wang Liyan, Zhu Xiangfei, Wan Wenjuan, Yuan Waixiang, Jiang Qianqian, Gao Yun, Cheng Wei, Zheng Yuehui, Du Yanhong
机构信息
The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China.
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Outer Ring Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2025 Apr 15;25(1):183. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03672-9.
BACKGROUND
Some factors that influence the medical abortion(MA) process are unknown. This study aims to investigate the influential factors associated with abortion time, bleeding volume, pain scores, and anxiety during the process of MA.
METHODS
A cross-sectional design was used in this research. Demographic information, pregnancy duration, bleeding volume, abortion duration, pain scores, anxiety levels, step count, and rate were recorded for each participant throughout MA. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 26.0.
RESULTS
The mean age of the 450 women included in the study was 32.14 ± 5.57 years. The study revealed that older age correlates with longer abortion duration (rs = 0.102, P < 0.05) but lower pain scores during MA (rs=-0.178, P < 0.001). A history of dysmenorrhea shortened abortion time (rs=-0.097, P < 0.05) but increased pain (rs = 0.106, P < 0.05) and anxiety (rs = 0.119, P < 0.05). Women with cesarean section histories reported less pain (rs=-0.226, P < 0.001) and anxiety (rs=-0.129, P < 0.001) during MA. Vaginal delivery history decreased pain scores (rs=-0.117, P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect other outcomes. Previous surgical abortion alleviated pain (rs=-0.139, P < 0.001) and anxiety (rs=-0.093, P < 0.05) during MA. Increased walking steps or faster step rates shortened abortion duration (rs=-0.107, P < 0.05; rs=-0.133, P < 0.05) but raised pain scores (rs = 0.258, P < 0.001; rs = 0.235, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with dysmenorrhea and high physical activity (PA)may have shorter abortion durations. Older individuals and those with cesarean or surgical abortion histories may experience less pain during medical abortion. Dysmenorrhea correlates with higher anxiety, while cesarean sections and surgery abortion lower it.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This research has been filed with the National Research Filing Center system under file number MR-44-24-032502.
背景
一些影响药物流产（MA）过程的因素尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查与药物流产过程中的流产时间、出血量、疼痛评分和焦虑相关的影响因素。
方法
本研究采用横断面设计。在整个药物流产过程中记录每个参与者的人口统计学信息、妊娠持续时间、出血量、流产持续时间、疼痛评分、焦虑水平、步数和步速。使用SPSS 26.0版进行数据分析。
结果
纳入研究的450名女性的平均年龄为32.14±5.57岁。研究表明，年龄较大与流产持续时间较长相关（rs = 0.102，P < 0.05），但在药物流产期间疼痛评分较低（rs = -0.178，P < 0.001）。痛经史可缩短流产时间（rs = -0.097，P < 0.05），但会增加疼痛（rs = 0.106，P < 0.05）和焦虑（rs = 0.119，P < 0.05）。有剖宫产史的女性在药物流产期间报告的疼痛（rs = -0.226，P < 0.001）和焦虑（rs = -0.129，P < 0.001）较少。顺产史可降低疼痛评分（rs = -0.117，P < 0.05），但对其他结果无显著影响。既往手术流产可减轻药物流产期间的疼痛（rs = -0.139，P < 0.001）和焦虑（rs = -0.093，P < 0.05）。步数增加或步速加快可缩短流产持续时间（rs = -0.107，P < 0.05；rs = -0.133，P < 0.05），但会提高疼痛评分（rs = 0.258，P < 0.001；rs = 0.235，P < 0.001）。
结论
有痛经和高体力活动（PA）的个体可能流产持续时间较短。年龄较大的个体以及有剖宫产或手术流产史的个体在药物流产期间可能经历的疼痛较少。痛经与较高的焦虑相关，而剖宫产和手术流产则会降低焦虑。
试验注册
本研究已在国家研究备案中心系统备案，备案号为MR-44-24-032502。
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