Puzhankara Lakshmi, Janakiram Chandrashekar, Gutjahr Georg, Bijukumar Sandra Chaithanyam, Vasthare Ramprasad, Kedlaya Madhurya N, Shetty Sahana, Pai Aparna Ramakrishna, Rao Sudhakar, Srinivasan Sowmya, Fenol Angel
Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Apr 15;25(1):576. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05742-8.
Quantifying shared risk factors among periodontal disease (PD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (DM2) can bolster Common Risk Factor Approach (CRFA), enabling integration of PD prevention into non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention strategies. The objective of the study is to assess extent of overlap of shared risk factors between CVD, DM2, PD.
This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care medical and dental teaching hospital in South India, from July 2022 to April 2024. Study included 600 participants (ages 18-75) divided into three groups: Group A: DM2, CVD, or both and PD; Group B: DM2 or CVD; and Group C: PD alone. Various demographic, metabolic, habit related, dietary and periodontal disease severity related risk factors were evaluated in the study.
Among 600 participants, 55.5% were male, 58.8% were under 50 years. Statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) for shared risk factors between Group A and Group B were observed for age > 50 (0.58), sedentary lifestyle (0.43), fat intake > 41 g/d (1.87), HbA1C ≥ 6.5% (0.56), FBS > 126 mg/dL (2.35) and family history of NCDs (9.8). For Group A versus Group C, statistically significant ORs were seen for age > 50 (0.55), HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% (0.34), triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (0.04), education (0.52), alcohol use (1.53) and poor oral hygiene (3.01). Severity of periodontal disease assessed using PSR, HbA1c, triglycerides, fat intake, age, education, obesity were identified as vital shared risk factors. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Age, education, obesity, PSR, HbA1c, triglycerides emerged as significant shared risk factors. Integrating these factors into surveillance tools may enhance NCD and PD risk identification, supporting CRFA-based healthcare approach.
CTRI/ 2022/06/043279 registered on 15th of June 2022.
量化牙周病（PD）、心血管疾病（CVD）、2型糖尿病（DM2）之间的共同风险因素，有助于强化共同风险因素方法（CRFA），从而将牙周病预防纳入非传染性疾病（NCD）预防策略。本研究的目的是评估心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、牙周病之间共同风险因素的重叠程度。
这是一项于2022年7月至2024年4月在印度南部一家三级医疗和牙科教学医院开展的分析性横断面研究。研究纳入了600名参与者（年龄在18 - 75岁之间），分为三组：A组：患有2型糖尿病、心血管疾病或两者兼有且患有牙周病；B组：患有2型糖尿病或心血管疾病；C组：仅患有牙周病。研究中评估了各种人口统计学、代谢、习惯相关、饮食和牙周病严重程度相关的风险因素。
在600名参与者中，55.5%为男性，58.8%年龄在50岁以下。A组和B组之间共同风险因素的统计学显著比值比（OR）在年龄>50岁（0.58）、久坐不动的生活方式（0.43）、脂肪摄入量>41克/天（1.87）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）≥6.5%（0.56）、空腹血糖（FBS）>126毫克/分升（2.35）以及非传染性疾病家族史（9.8）方面被观察到。对于A组与C组，在年龄>50岁（0.55）、糖化血红蛋白5.7% - 6.4%（0.34）、甘油三酯>150毫克/分升（0.04）、受教育程度（0.52）、饮酒（1.53）和口腔卫生差（3.01）方面观察到统计学显著的比值比。使用社区牙周指数（PSR）、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、脂肪摄入量、年龄、受教育程度、肥胖评估的牙周病严重程度被确定为重要的共同风险因素。结论及相关性：年龄、受教育程度、肥胖、社区牙周指数、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯成为显著的共同风险因素。将这些因素纳入监测工具可能会提高非传染性疾病和牙周病风险识别能力，支持基于共同风险因素方法的医疗保健方法。
CTRI/2022/06/043279，于2022年6月15日注册。
