L. Modulates the Intestinal Microecology to Treat DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: UHPLC-OE-MS/MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation.

L. (), a traditional food and medicinal plant, is used to treat internal inflammation. This study investigated the mechanisms by which improves ulcerative colitis (UC) via combined UHPLC-OE-MS/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments. A total of 72 compounds were detected in the extraction, with 15 key components (ranking by degree value) selected for further analysis. GO enrichment analysis suggested that PS may alleviate UC-related renal dysfunction by modulating immune responses, inflammation, and cell signaling pathways. Based on protein-protein interaction results, five core targets of in UC (ranking by degree value) were identified, and molecular docking revealed strong binding free affinity (<-7 kcal/mol) of active components (Vulgarin and 4-(Diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid) with TNF, AKT1, CASP3, BCL2, and MMP9. In animal experiments, -treated mice showed significant reductions in IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and D-Lactate levels ( < 0.05); improved colon histopathological damage; and significantly increased the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin, OCC) in colon tissue ( < 0.05). Furthermore, -treated mice exhibited a significant increase in beneficial gut bacteria ( and ) ( < 0.05), effectively restoring the gut imbalance caused by DSS. In conclusion, can treat UC through the modulation of the intestinal microecology.