Kwon Soyang, Baptista Fátima, Levy Steven M, Guha Indranil, Saha Punam K, Janz Kathleen F
Department of Emergency Medicine, Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA.
CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Estrada da Costa, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Mar 12;22(3):416. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22030416.
The objective of this study was to characterize bone, muscle, and fat measurements in early adulthood by youth sport participation. The study sample included 328 Iowa Bone Development Study participants (184 females). Organized sport participation was longitudinally assessed (14 times on average) using a physical activity questionnaire from age 6 to 17 years. At age 23 years, bone, lean mass (a proxy measure of muscle mass), and fat mass were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Tibial bone stiffness, a bone strength indicator, was determined using high-resolution multi-row detector computed tomography (CT) and Finite Element Analysis. Longitudinal youth sport participation patterns were categorized into consistent participation, drop-out, and no participation. Sex-specific multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between youth sport participation patterns and bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI), BMC-to-lean ratio, lean-to-fat ratio, and tibial bone stiffness at age 23 years. After adjusting for covariates, males in the consistent youth sport participation and drop-out groups had 377 g and 192 g higher BMC, 1.6 kg/m and 1.5 kg/m higher LMI, and 112 kN/mm and 76 kN/mm higher bone stiffness at age 23, compared to males in the no-participation group ( < 0.01). Females in the consistent youth sport participation group had 1.4 kg/m lower FMI at age 23, compared to females in the no-participation group ( = 0.04). The BMC-to-lean ratio was higher among males ( = 0.02) and females ( < 0.01) in the consistent participation group, compared to their counterparts in the no-participation group; the lean-to-fat ratio also tended to be higher in males ( = 0.06) and females ( = 0.11). This study suggests sex differences in the benefits of youth sport participation on adulthood body compartments: healthier bone and muscle for males and healthier body fat for females. This study provides evidence to support the promotion of youth sport participation for healthy body composition later in life.
本研究的目的是通过青少年体育活动参与情况来描述成年早期的骨骼、肌肉和脂肪测量特征。研究样本包括328名爱荷华州骨骼发育研究参与者（184名女性）。使用从6岁到17岁的体育活动问卷对有组织的体育活动参与情况进行纵向评估（平均14次）。在23岁时，使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）评估骨骼、瘦体重（肌肉量的替代指标）和脂肪量。使用高分辨率多排探测器计算机断层扫描（CT）和有限元分析来确定胫骨骨硬度，这是一种骨强度指标。青少年体育活动参与的纵向模式被分为持续参与、退出和未参与。进行了性别特异性多变量线性回归分析，以检验青少年体育活动参与模式与23岁时的骨矿物质含量（BMC）、瘦体重指数（LMI）、脂肪量指数（FMI）、BMC与瘦体重之比、瘦体重与脂肪之比以及胫骨骨硬度之间的关联。在调整协变量后，持续参与青少年体育活动组和退出组的男性在23岁时的BMC分别比未参与组的男性高377克和192克，LMI分别高1.6千克/米和1.5千克/米，骨硬度分别高112千牛/毫米和76千牛/毫米（<0.01）。持续参与青少年体育活动组的女性在23岁时的FMI比未参与组的女性低1.4千克/米（=0.04）。与未参与组的男性和女性相比，持续参与组的男性（=0.02）和女性（<0.01）的BMC与瘦体重之比更高；男性（=0.06）和女性（=0.11）的瘦体重与脂肪之比也往往更高。本研究表明，青少年体育活动参与对成年期身体组成部分的益处存在性别差异：对男性而言是更健康的骨骼和肌肉，对女性而言是更健康的身体脂肪。本研究为支持在生命后期促进青少年体育活动参与以实现健康身体组成提供了证据。
