Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 2;18(3):1328. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031328.
A gender difference in youth sports and physical activity participation is well documented. However, research is limited to understand potential gender difference in the long-term effects of youth sports participation. The study aim was to compare the likelihood of meeting the aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) in early adulthood by youth sports participation patterns among females and males. The study sample included 582 Iowa Bone Development Study participants (Iowa, USA). Participation in organized sports was assessed using a physical activity questionnaire 19 times on average between age 6 and 17 years. Accelerometer and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessments were conducted at an average age of 23 years. Group-based trajectory analysis was conducted to identify youth sports participation trajectory patterns. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between youth sports participation patterns and meeting the PAG in adulthood. We identified three youth sports participation patterns: "continuous participation," "drop-out," and "no participation." Females in the continuous participation group were more likely to meet the aerobic PAG at age 23 years, compared to females in the no-participation group (OR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.05, 6.55) or the drop-out group (OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.38, 4.69). However, among males, youth sports participation patterns were not significantly associated with meeting the aerobic PAG at age 23 years. In conclusion, this study suggests that youth sports participation could be more important among females than males for predicting physical activity in early adulthood.
青少年参与体育运动存在明显的性别差异，这一点已被充分证实。然而，目前的研究仅限于了解青少年参与体育运动的长期影响中可能存在的性别差异。本研究旨在比较女性和男性青少年不同的运动参与模式对其成年后达到有氧体育活动指南（PAG）的可能性的影响。本研究的样本包括 582 名爱荷华州骨骼发育研究参与者（美国爱荷华州）。通过平均在 6 至 17 岁期间进行的 19 次体育活动问卷调查来评估他们参与有组织运动的情况。在平均年龄为 23 岁时，使用加速度计和双能 X 射线吸收仪进行评估。采用基于群组的轨迹分析来确定青少年运动参与模式的轨迹类型。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来研究青少年运动参与模式与成年后达到 PAG 的相关性。我们确定了三种青少年运动参与模式：“持续参与”、“退出”和“不参与”。与不参与组或退出组的女性相比，持续参与组的女性在 23 岁时更有可能达到有氧 PAG（OR=2.63；95%CI=1.05,6.55）或退出组（OR=2.55；95%CI=1.38,4.69）。然而，在男性中，青少年运动参与模式与 23 岁时达到有氧 PAG 之间没有显著相关性。综上所述，本研究表明，在预测青少年早期的体力活动方面，运动参与对女性可能比男性更为重要。
