Deng Dongkun, Xu Lin, Liu Yufei, Li Chang, Jiang Qingfeng, Shi Jiaming, Feng Shuo, Lin Yunhua
College of Sports and Human Sciences, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, P.R. China.
Lipids Health Dis. 2025 Apr 16;24(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12944-025-02565-y.
Compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on the mechanisms by which these two exercise modalities influence gut microbiota structure, bile acid metabolism, and intestinal barrier function, as well as their regulatory roles in hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidative dynamics. Explore the synergistic effects of exercise-mediated mitochondrial fusion remodeling and leptin signaling, elucidate the causal relationship between gut-derived factors and hepatic metabolic reprogramming, and reveal the potential multi-scale and cross-organ dominant mechanisms of exercise, providing a theoretical basis for systematically comparing the effects of different exercise modalities.
Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into NFD (n = 8) and HFD (n = 24) groups and fed normal chow and high-fat chow, respectively. After eight weeks, the HFD group was randomly divided into three groups: (1) MICT-8; (2) HIIT-8; and (3) HFD-8. At the end of the experiment, blood, liver, ileum, and skeletal muscle samples were collected for analysis of the rats' baseline conditions, mitochondrial function, hepatic lipid metabolism, bile acid pathway and gut microbiota, and synthesis of analyses.
Both modes of exercise ameliorated metabolic dysregulation and attenuated pathological progression, insulin resistance, and liver fat accumulation in rats with MASLD. Furthermore, both interventions counteracted HFD-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and restored gut-liver axis homeostasis. HIIT and MICT also upregulated bile acid-related gene expression modulated butyrate-producing bacterial taxa, and adjusted the abundance of butyrate-generating bacteria.
Both HIIT and MICT improved lipid metabolism in MASLD rats and the difference between the HIIT and MICT groups was not statistically significant. It is noteworthy that HIIT was more effective in improving mitochondrial function in MASLD than MICT (P < 0.001).
比较高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和中等强度持续训练（MICT）对代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD）的影响，重点关注这两种运动方式影响肠道微生物群结构、胆汁酸代谢和肠道屏障功能的机制，以及它们在肝脏脂质合成和氧化动力学中的调节作用。探索运动介导的线粒体融合重塑和瘦素信号的协同作用，阐明肠道衍生因子与肝脏代谢重编程之间的因果关系，并揭示运动潜在的多尺度和跨器官主导机制，为系统比较不同运动方式的效果提供理论依据。
将32只雄性大鼠随机分为正常饮食组（n = 8）和高脂饮食组（n = 24），分别给予正常饲料和高脂饲料喂养。8周后，将高脂饮食组随机分为三组：（1）MICT - 8组；（2）HIIT - 8组；（3）HFD - 8组。实验结束时，采集血液、肝脏、回肠和骨骼肌样本，用于分析大鼠的基线状况、线粒体功能、肝脏脂质代谢、胆汁酸途径和肠道微生物群以及合成分析。
两种运动方式均改善了MASLD大鼠的代谢失调，减轻了病理进展、胰岛素抵抗和肝脏脂肪堆积。此外，两种干预措施均抵消了高脂饮食诱导的肠道屏障功能障碍，并恢复了肠 - 肝轴稳态。HIIT和MICT还上调了胆汁酸相关基因表达，调节了产生丁酸盐的细菌类群，并调整了产生丁酸盐细菌的丰度。
HIIT和MICT均改善了MASLD大鼠的脂质代谢，HIIT组和MICT组之间的差异无统计学意义。值得注意的是，HIIT在改善MASLD大鼠的线粒体功能方面比MICT更有效（P < 0.001）。
