Effect of tolbutamide and chlorpropamide on acetaldehyde metabolism in two inbred strains of mice.

The mechanisms by which chlorpropamide and tolbutamide disrupt acetaldehyde metabolism were studied in C57BL and DBA mice. Acute po administration of varying doses of tolbutamide or chlorpropamide 2.5 hr before a 3.0 g/kg ip dose of ethanol to C57BL and DBA mice resulted in significant elevations of blood acetaldehyde when measured 2.5 hr after ethanol dosing. Dose-response analysis revealed a significant (p less than .05) difference in ED50 values for the elevated blood acetaldehyde response to tolbutamide in DBA (60 mg/kg) and C57BL (100 mg/kg) mice. The ED50 value for potentiation by chlorpropamide of blood acetaldehyde concentration was similar (23 to 32 mg/kg) in both inbred strains. At higher doses of chlorpropamide, DBA mice displayed elevations of blood acetaldehyde nearly threefold greater than those measured in C57BL mice treated identically. Measurements of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in hepatic subcellular fractions, obtained from both inbred strains treated with 100 mg/kg tolbutamide or chlorpropamide prior to a 3.0 g/kg dose of ethanol, revealed a 50 to 80% inhibition of the low-Km ALDH present in mitochondria. Chlorpropamide and tolbutamide did not inhibit ALDH in vitro, suggesting that metabolites of these hypoglycemic agents may be responsible for the genotypic-dependent alterations in in vivo acetaldehyde oxidation.