Huang Yanan, Ye Qing, Wang Jiyuan, Zhu Kaimin, Yang Haojie, Jiang Xiaoping, Shen Meihua
Shanghai Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police, China.
Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, China.
Regen Ther. 2025 Apr 6;29:341-351. doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2025.01.001. eCollection 2025 Jun.
An organoid is a cell-based structure that shows organ-specific properties and shares a similar spatial organization as the corresponding organ. Organoids possess powerful capability to reproduce the key functions of the associated organ structures, and their similarity to the organs makes them physiologically relevant systems. The primary challenge associated with the development of skin organoids is the complexity of the human skin architecture, which encompasses the epidermis and the dermis as well as accessory structures, including hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, that perform various functions such as thermoregulation. The ultimate objectives of developing skin organoids are to regenerate the complete skin structure in vitro and reconstruct the skin in vivo. Consequently, safety, reliability, and the fidelity of the tissue interfaces are key considerations in this process. For this purpose, the present article reviews the most recent advances in this field, focusing on the cell sources, culture methods, culture conditions, and biomarkers for identifying the structure and function of skin organoids developed in vitro or in vivo. The subsequent sections summarize the recent applications of skin organoids in related disease diagnosis and treatments, and discuss the future prospects of these organoids in terms of clinical applications. This review of skin organoids can provide an important foundation for studies on human skin development, disease modeling, and reconstructive surgery, with broad utility for promising future opportunities in both biomedical research and clinical practice.
类器官是一种基于细胞的结构，具有器官特异性特性，并与相应器官具有相似的空间组织。类器官具有强大的能力来重现相关器官结构的关键功能，并且它们与器官的相似性使其成为生理相关系统。与皮肤类器官发育相关的主要挑战是人类皮肤结构的复杂性，它包括表皮和真皮以及附属结构，如毛囊、汗腺和皮脂腺，这些结构执行各种功能，如体温调节。开发皮肤类器官的最终目标是在体外再生完整的皮肤结构并在体内重建皮肤。因此，安全性、可靠性和组织界面的保真度是这一过程中的关键考虑因素。为此，本文综述了该领域的最新进展，重点关注细胞来源、培养方法、培养条件以及用于鉴定体外或体内培养的皮肤类器官的结构和功能的生物标志物。后续章节总结了皮肤类器官在相关疾病诊断和治疗中的最新应用，并讨论了这些类器官在临床应用方面的未来前景。这篇关于皮肤类器官的综述可以为人类皮肤发育、疾病建模和重建手术的研究提供重要基础，在生物医学研究和临床实践的未来前景中具有广泛的应用价值。
