Advances in human organoids-on-chips in biomedical research.

Organoids-on-chips is opening up new frontier of research in biomedical field by combining organoids and organs-on-chips technology. The integrative technology offers great opportunities to maximize the potentials of organoids with higher fidelity, thus building advanced organ model systems in a physiologically relevant manner. In this review, we highlight the key features of organoids-on-chips and how this integrative technology could be used to build organoids in higher fidelity under controlled cellular microenvironment. We then introduce the recent progress of organoids-on-chips and their applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges of the nascent field of organoids-on-chips that lie ahead to accelerate their utility in disease research, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.