Hong L Jeff, Li Jinzhi, Wu Xiaole, Yi Shuyue
School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Fundam Res. 2023 Nov 15;5(2):486-495. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.012. eCollection 2025 Mar.
In recent years, global supply chains face great challenges driven by events such as trade wars, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine War. Since the disruptions caused by such shocks are more systematic and the duration is harder to predict compared to natural disasters or other operational risks, we highlight two features for future supply chain research: network perspectives and incorporation of more stakeholders such as governments that can influence overarching performances of industrial and supply chains. From the network perspective, we review the literature on vulnerable nodes & links identification, risk propagation modeling, network resilience measures, and disruption mitigation strategies. We suggest promising research directions such as deriving non-probabilistic resilience measures that can incorporate dynamics, extending existing methods for bottleneck detection to the network setting, balancing efficiency and resilience in a more sophisticated way, etc. In terms of incorporating more stakeholders' roles in supply chain network decisions, we review the relevant literature and discuss research opportunities on governments' roles in global supply chains (i.e., an external circulation perspective) and in incentivizing firms' R&D and stimulating domestic demand (i.e., an internal circulation perspective). We suggest topics including global supply chain resilience evaluation using trade networks, technology networks, and firm ownership networks, the impact of trade policies with network perspectives, design of tariff and non-tariff measures under trade agreements, domestic industry relocation, evaluating the effects of government subsidies on firms' long-term innovation, and design of subsidy strategies for supply chain stability and resilience. We believe research on supply chain resilience will thrive in the years ahead, better supporting firms' and governments' decisions.
近年来，全球供应链面临着由贸易战、新冠疫情和俄乌战争等事件驱动的巨大挑战。由于此类冲击造成的供应链中断比自然灾害或其他运营风险更加具有系统性，且持续时间更难预测，因此我们为未来的供应链研究突出了两个特点：网络视角以及纳入更多利益相关者，如能够影响产业和供应链总体绩效的政府。从网络视角出发，我们回顾了关于脆弱节点与链路识别、风险传播建模、网络韧性度量以及中断缓解策略的文献。我们提出了一些有前景的研究方向，比如推导能够纳入动态因素的非概率韧性度量、将现有的瓶颈检测方法扩展到网络环境、以更复杂的方式平衡效率与韧性等。在将更多利益相关者的角色纳入供应链网络决策方面，我们回顾了相关文献，并讨论了政府在全球供应链中的作用（即外部循环视角）以及激励企业研发和刺激国内需求（即内部循环视角）的研究机会。我们提出的主题包括利用贸易网络、技术网络和企业所有权网络评估全球供应链韧性、从网络视角研究贸易政策的影响、贸易协定下关税和非关税措施的设计、国内产业转移、评估政府补贴对企业长期创新的影响以及设计促进供应链稳定和韧性的补贴策略。我们相信，未来几年供应链韧性研究将蓬勃发展，从而更好地支持企业和政府的决策。
