Yang Xiaogeng, He Honghong, Wang Peng, Wang Yaying, Wang Linlin, Yang Falong, Li Jian, Zhang Huizhu
Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine, Southwest Minzu University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 21;26(7):2828. doi: 10.3390/ijms26072828.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate target gene expression in many eukaryotes. MiRNAs are essential for post-transcriptional regulation, influencing various biological functions, including oocyte growth and maturation, fertilization, early embryo development, and implantation. In recent decades, numerous studies have identified a substantial number of miRNAs associated with mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryo development, utilizing methods such as small RNA sequencing and modulating miRNA expression through overexpression or inhibition. In this review, we introduce the biosynthesis of miRNAs and their regulatory roles in germ cells, summarizing the expression patterns and post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs during oocyte maturation and early embryo development, as well as their potential application in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类内源性小非编码RNA，可在许多真核生物中调节靶基因表达。miRNA对于转录后调控至关重要，影响多种生物学功能，包括卵母细胞生长和成熟、受精、早期胚胎发育和着床。近几十年来，众多研究利用小RNA测序等方法，并通过过表达或抑制来调节miRNA表达，已鉴定出大量与哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育相关的miRNA。在本综述中，我们介绍了miRNA的生物合成及其在生殖细胞中的调控作用，总结了miRNA在卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育过程中的表达模式和转录后调控，以及它们在辅助生殖技术（ART）中的潜在应用。
