Schneider Suzanne, Biggerstaff Deborah, Barber Thomas M
Directorate Applied Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Transpl Int. 2025 Apr 3;38:14288. doi: 10.3389/ti.2025.14288. eCollection 2025.
The physiology of a transplanted kidney is affected from the moment it is separated from the donor. The risk of complications arising from surgery are highly associated with ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) due to the effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress during the procurement, preservation and reperfusion procedures. Hypoxia promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and it seems apparent that finding ways of optimising the metabolic milieu for the transplanted kidney would improve recovery and graft survival. Studies have demonstrated the benefits of nutrition and antioxidant compounds in mitigating the disturbance of energy supply to cells post-transplant and at improving long-term graft survival. Particularly in patients who may be nutritionally deficient following long-term dialysis. Despite the high incidence of allograft failure, a search of the literature and grey literature reveals no medical nutriti on therapy guidelines on beneficial nutrient intake to aid transplant recovery and survival. This narrative review aims to summarise current knowledge of specific macro and micronutrients and their effect on allograft recovery and survival in the perioperative period, up to 1-year post transplant, to optimise the metabolic environment and mitigate risk to graft injury.
从移植肾与供体分离的那一刻起，其生理机能就会受到影响。手术引发并发症的风险与缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）高度相关，这是由于在获取、保存和再灌注过程中缺氧和氧化应激的影响。缺氧会促进活性氧（ROS）的形成，显然，找到优化移植肾代谢环境的方法将改善其恢复情况和移植肾的存活。研究表明，营养物质和抗氧化化合物有助于减轻移植后细胞能量供应的紊乱，并提高移植肾的长期存活率。特别是对于长期透析后可能存在营养缺乏的患者。尽管同种异体移植失败的发生率很高，但查阅文献和灰色文献发现，尚无关于有益营养素摄入以帮助移植恢复和存活的医学营养治疗指南。本叙述性综述旨在总结目前关于特定常量营养素和微量营养素的知识，以及它们在围手术期直至移植后1年内对同种异体移植恢复和存活的影响，以优化代谢环境并降低移植肾损伤风险。
