Alexander K, Huganir L S, Zigler E
Am J Ment Defic. 1985 Jul;90(1):9-17.
Motivation for adult attention and support, wariness, and expectancy of success over a 2-year period were assessed for 58 mentally retarded individuals residing in either large central institutions, regional centers, or group homes. Males were found to be more responsive to social reinforcement than were females in all living settings. Wariness was found to increase over time in the large central institutions, whereas it decreased in the smaller settings. Individuals with greater preinstitutional social deprivation had a lower expectancy of success. In addition, over the 2-year period, the expectancy of success of individuals from high-deprived backgrounds remained low, whereas it increased for individuals from less socially deprived preinstitutional backgrounds.
对居住在大型中央机构、地区中心或集体之家的58名智障人士，评估了他们在两年期间对成人关注与支持的动机、警惕性以及对成功的期望。结果发现，在所有生活环境中，男性比女性对社会强化的反应更强烈。在大型中央机构中，警惕性随时间增加，而在较小环境中则降低。机构化前社会剥夺程度较高的个体对成功的期望较低。此外，在两年期间，来自高度剥夺背景的个体对成功的期望仍然很低，而来自社会剥夺程度较低的机构化前背景的个体对成功的期望则有所增加。
