Koschollek Carmen, Zeisler Marie-Luise, Houben Robin A, Geerlings Julia, Kajikhina Katja, Bug Marleen, Blume Miriam, Hoffmann Robert, Hintze Marcel, Kuhnert Ronny, Gößwald Antje, Schmich Patrick, Hövener Claudia
Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2023 Apr 12;12:e43503. doi: 10.2196/43503.
Germany has a long history of migration. In 2020, more than 1 person in every 4 people had a statistically defined, so-called migration background in Germany, meaning that the person or at least one of their parents was born with a citizenship other than German citizenship. People with a history of migration are not represented proportionately to the population within public health monitoring at the Robert Koch Institute, thus impeding differentiated analyses of migration and health. To develop strategies for improving the inclusion of people with a history of migration in health surveys, we conducted a feasibility study in 2018. The lessons learned were implemented in the health interview survey German Health Update (Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell [GEDA]) Fokus, which was conducted among people with selected citizenships representing the major migrant groups in Germany.
GEDA Fokus aimed to collect comprehensive data on the health status and social, migration-related, and structural factors among people with selected citizenships to enable differentiated explanations of the associations between migration-related aspects and their impact on migrant health.
GEDA Fokus is an interview survey among people with Croatian, Italian, Polish, Syrian, or Turkish citizenship living in Germany aged 18-79 years, with a targeted sample size of 1200 participants per group. The gross sample of 33,436 people was drawn from the residents' registration offices of 99 German municipalities based on citizenship. Sequentially, multiple modes of administration were offered. The questionnaire was available for self-administration (web-based and paper-based); in larger municipalities, personal or phone interviews were possible later on. Study documents and the questionnaire were bilingual-in German and the respective translation language depending on the citizenship. Data were collected from November 2021 to May 2022.
Overall, 6038 respondents participated in the survey, of whom 2983 (49.4%) were female. The median age was 39 years; the median duration of residence in Germany was 10 years, with 19.69% (1189/6038) of the sample being born in Germany. The overall response rate was 18.4% (American Association for Public Opinion Research [AAPOR] response rate 1) and was 6.8% higher in the municipalities where personal interviews were offered (19.3% vs 12.5%). Overall, 78.12% (4717/6038) of the participants self-administered the questionnaire, whereas 21.88% (1321/6038) took part in personal interviews. In total, 41.85% (2527/6038) of the participants answered the questionnaire in the German language only, 16.69% (1008/6038) exclusively used the translation.
Offering different modes of administration, as well as multiple study languages, enabled us to recruit a heterogeneous sample of people with a history of migration. The data collected will allow differentiated analyses of the role and interplay of migration-related and social determinants of health and their impact on the health status of people with selected citizenships.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/43503.
德国有着悠久的移民历史。2020年，在德国每4人中就有超过1人在统计学上被界定为有所谓的移民背景，即该人或其至少一位父母出生时拥有德国国籍以外的其他国籍。在罗伯特·科赫研究所的公共卫生监测中，有移民史的人群在人口中的占比并不相称，这阻碍了对移民与健康的差异化分析。为制定提高有移民史人群纳入健康调查的策略，我们在2018年进行了一项可行性研究。所吸取的经验教训已在德国健康更新（Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell [GEDA]）重点健康访谈调查中得以实施，该调查针对具有选定国籍、代表德国主要移民群体的人群开展。
GEDA重点调查旨在收集有关具有选定国籍人群的健康状况以及社会、与移民相关和结构因素的全面数据，以便对与移民相关的方面及其对移民健康的影响之间的关联进行差异化解释。
GEDA重点调查是一项针对居住在德国、年龄在18 - 79岁、具有克罗地亚、意大利、波兰、叙利亚或土耳其国籍人群的访谈调查，每组目标样本量为1200名参与者。基于国籍，从德国99个城市的居民登记处抽取了33436人的总样本。随后，提供了多种管理方式。问卷可供自行填写（基于网络和纸质）；在较大的城市，之后还可以进行个人或电话访谈。研究文件和问卷有德语以及根据国籍对应的相应翻译语言这两种语言版本。数据收集时间为2021年11月至2022年5月。
总体而言，6038名受访者参与了调查，其中2983名（49.4%）为女性。年龄中位数为39岁；在德国的居住时间中位数为10年，样本中有19.69%（1189/6038）在德国出生。总体回复率为18.4%（美国民意研究协会[AAPOR]回复率1），在提供个人访谈的城市中回复率高6.8%（19.3%对12.5%）。总体而言，78.12%（4717/6038）的参与者自行填写问卷，而21.88%（1321/6038）参与了个人访谈。总共41.85%（2527/6038）的参与者仅用德语回答问卷，16.69%（1008/6038）仅使用翻译语言。
提供不同的管理方式以及多种研究语言，使我们能够招募到具有移民史的异质样本。所收集的数据将有助于对与移民相关和社会健康决定因素的作用及相互作用及其对具有选定国籍人群健康状况的影响进行差异化分析。
国际注册报告识别码（IRRID）：DERR1-10.2196/43503。
