Revolutionizing Personalized Medicine with 4D Printing in Drug Delivery.

4D printing is an improvement over the traditional 3D printing technique involving the application of dynamic materials that change with the environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and pH. This technology holds great promise for drug development to create effective and personalized drug delivery systems. Different from conventional technologies, 4D printed systems can control the administration rate of drugs depending on the internal environment, thus enhancing the effectiveness of treatments and considering adverse effects at the same time effectively. 4D printing contributes to the creation of smart materials for use in vaccines, implants, and other devices that respond to body signals in real-time. However, several hurdles persist in the synthesis and fabrication of these materials as well as their regulatory approval. This technology represents the future of drug manufacturing, emphasizing patient-specific care and providing a more effective, efficient, and adaptive approach to therapeutic delivery.