Deepali Deepali, Gulia Vibhuti, Kumar Suresh, Rani Jyoti, Barwant Mukul Machhindra, Kumar Dinesh
Department of Botany, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, India.
Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, India.
Chem Biodivers. 2025 Sep;22(9):e202500602. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202500602. Epub 2025 May 20.
Medicinal plants have been extensively studied for their bioactive compounds and medicinal uses. Dalbergia sissoo, belonging to the Fabaceae family, has shown promise in traditional medicine for treating infections, cardiovascular diseases, and skin issues. However, systematic studies on its bioactive compounds and recovery efficiency using different solvents have been limited, particularly regarding potential industrial applications. This study aimed to conduct phytochemical screening and analyze the bioactivity of D. sissoo leaf extracts using ethanol, methanol, and distilled water as solvents. Chemical analyses were performed following standard protocols, including determining total phenolic content (TPC) via the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, assessing total flavonoid content (TFC) through the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, identifying functional groups via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and analyzing compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The study also evaluated antimicrobial and anticorrosive activity through agar well diffusion assays and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest level of bioactivity, displaying the broadest range of primary and secondary metabolites, including saponins, tannins, polysaccharides, terpenoids, glycosides, and amino acids. Compared to extracts obtained with methanol and distilled water, the ethanolic extract had the highest TPC of 42.39 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and TFC of 39.31 mg quercetin equivalent/g, along with superior antioxidant activity, as evidenced by the lowest IC values (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: 562.21 µg/mL, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid): 225 µg/mL). Antimicrobial screening experiments showed that the ethanolic extract produced the largest inhibition zones, particularly against Klebsiella aerogenes (16.26 mm) and Micrococcus luteus (18.8 mm) at a 60 mg/mL concentration. It also demonstrated the highest corrosion inhibitory activity at 81.76% against a 1 M HCl solution, highlighting its potential for industrial application. The findings suggest that the D. sissoo ethanolic extract is a cost-effective source rich in bioactive compounds with potential uses in both industrial and pharmaceutical fields. Future studies should focus on isolating and identifying the individual phenolic and flavonoid molecules responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity, particularly against K. aerogenes and M. luteus, as well as elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in its corrosion inhibition for possible industrial applications.
药用植物因其生物活性化合物和药用价值而受到广泛研究。属于豆科的印度黄檀在传统医学中显示出治疗感染、心血管疾病和皮肤问题的潜力。然而，关于其生物活性化合物以及使用不同溶剂的提取效率的系统研究有限，特别是在潜在工业应用方面。本研究旨在进行植物化学筛选，并分析以乙醇、甲醇和蒸馏水为溶剂的印度黄檀叶提取物的生物活性。按照标准方案进行化学分析，包括通过福林-西奥尔特法测定总酚含量（TPC）、通过氯化铝比色法评估总黄酮含量（TFC）、通过傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴定官能团以及使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析化合物。该研究还通过琼脂孔扩散法和电化学阻抗谱评估抗菌和防腐活性。乙醇提取物表现出最高水平的生物活性，展示了最广泛的初级和次级代谢产物，包括皂苷、单宁、多糖、萜类化合物、糖苷和氨基酸。与用甲醇和蒸馏水获得的提取物相比，乙醇提取物的TPC最高，为42.39毫克没食子酸当量/克，TFC为39.31毫克槲皮素当量/克，同时具有卓越的抗氧化活性，最低的IC值（1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼：562.21微克/毫升，2,2'-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)：225微克/毫升）证明了这一点。抗菌筛选实验表明，乙醇提取物产生的抑菌圈最大，特别是在60毫克/毫升浓度下对产气克雷伯菌（16.26毫米）和藤黄微球菌（18.8毫米）。它还对1M盐酸溶液表现出最高的缓蚀活性，为81.76%，突出了其在工业应用中的潜力。研究结果表明，印度黄檀乙醇提取物是一种具有成本效益的、富含生物活性化合物的资源，在工业和制药领域都有潜在用途。未来的研究应侧重于分离和鉴定负责观察到的抗菌活性的单个酚类和黄酮类分子，特别是对产气克雷伯菌和藤黄微球菌的抗菌活性，以及阐明其缓蚀作用所涉及的分子机制，以便用于可能的工业应用。
