Lin Huaxing, Tan Beiping, Chi Shuyan, Yang Qihui
College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2025 Apr 13;2025:5538869. doi: 10.1155/anu/5538869. eCollection 2025.
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA)-a nutritional additive-is essential for the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary GAA on growth, muscle amino acid composition, antioxidative indices, and nonspecific immunity for juvenile . Total 800 healthy shrimp (initial mean weight = 0.27 ± 0.03 g) were equally distributed into 15 tanks (0.3 m; five groups, and three repeats per group) and fed with diets containing GAA levels (e.g., 0, 0.04%, 0.10%, 0.13%, and 0.16%, named G0, G004, G010, G013, and G016, respectively) for 8 weeks (four times a day). At the end of the trial, shrimps from all replicate groups were weighed, and serum, hepatopancreas, and muscle were collected from three random tails. The weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higher, and feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly lower in G010 and G013 groups than in G0 group. No significant effect of GAA on the total amino acids of each treatment was observed. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly higher, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly lower in G010, G013, and G016 groups compared to G0 group. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP), phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LZM), and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities were significantly higher in G010, G013, and G016 groups than in G0 group. The mRNA expressions of immune deficiency () and genes in G010 and G013 groups were significantly upregulated. Following the challenge with , the overall percent mortality of shrimp showed a gradually decreasing trend with the increase of GAA supplementary but was not significantly different from each other. In conclusion, GAA can improve the growth, antioxidant ability, and nonspecific immunity for .
胍基乙酸（GAA）——一种营养添加剂——对水生动物的健康生长至关重要。本实验旨在研究饲料中GAA对幼虾生长、肌肉氨基酸组成、抗氧化指标和非特异性免疫的影响。将总共800只健康虾（初始平均体重 = 0.27 ± 0.03克）平均分配到15个水箱（0.3米；五组，每组三个重复）中，并投喂含有不同GAA水平（例如0、0.04%、0.10%、0.13%和0.16%，分别命名为G0、G004、G010、G013和G016）的饲料，持续8周（每天投喂四次）。试验结束时，对所有重复组的虾进行称重，并从三只随机选取的虾中采集血清、肝胰腺和肌肉。G010组和G013组的增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR）显著高于G0组，饲料转化率（FCR）显著低于G0组。未观察到GAA对各处理组总氨基酸有显著影响。与G0组相比，G010组、G013组和G016组的血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著更高，丙二醛（MDA）水平显著更低。G010组、G013组和G016组的碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酚氧化酶（PO）、溶菌酶（LZM）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性显著高于G0组。G010组和G013组中免疫缺陷（）和 基因的mRNA表达显著上调。在用 进行攻毒后，随着GAA添加量的增加，虾的总体死亡率呈逐渐下降趋势，但各组之间无显著差异。总之，GAA可以改善幼虾的生长、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫。
