Chi Qing, Tang Jie, Ji Changqing, Chen Shan, Chen Qinquan, Zeng Meikai, Cao JiXing, Sun Shenxia, Herr Deron R, Zhang Qing-Gao, Wang Zumin, Huang Chun-Ming
Medical College of Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China.
Health Medicine Translational Research Center, College of Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Apr 22;109(1):100. doi: 10.1007/s00253-025-13425-1.
We fabricated a self-assembled electric circuit to detect the electrical signals produced by two electrogenic probiotic bacteria [Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) and Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis)] on chicken egg chorioallantoic membranes as well as in the intestine lumen of mice. Inoculation of L. mesenteroides or L. lactis plus glucose onto a ferrozine assay triggered the reduction of ferric ions to ferrous ions and the formation of ferrozine complexes, indicating the bacterial electron production. In the presence of glucose, L. lactis yielded higher electricity, measured by voltage changes, than L. mesenteroides in vitro. The spectra of the electrical signals generated by these two probiotic bacteria were highly distinguishable. We evaluated the importance of these differences with the application of a self-attention mechanism, a deep learning-based module, revealing several unique signals in the electrical spectra of L. mesenteroides as well as L. lactis bacteria. The specific electrical spectrum for each probiotic bacterium provided a dynamic signature for evaluation of the efficacy of various therapies using probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the future. KEY POINTS: • The electrical signals produced by probiotic bacteria L. mesenteroides and L. lactis on chicken egg chorioallantoic membranes and in the mouse intestine lumen were detectable. • In the presence of glucose, L. lactis yielded higher electricity than L. mesenteroides in vitro. Furthermore, the electrical spectra generated by these two bacteria were different. • The importance of these differences with the application of a self-attention mechanism revealed several unique signals in the electrical spectra.
我们构建了一个自组装电路，用于检测两种产电益生菌（肠系膜明串珠菌和乳酸乳球菌）在鸡胚尿囊膜以及小鼠肠腔内产生的电信号。将肠系膜明串珠菌或乳酸乳球菌与葡萄糖接种到亚铁嗪测定中，会引发三价铁离子还原为二价铁离子以及亚铁嗪络合物的形成，表明细菌产生了电子。在葡萄糖存在的情况下，通过电压变化测量，乳酸乳球菌在体外产生的电量高于肠系膜明串珠菌。这两种益生菌产生的电信号光谱具有高度可区分性。我们运用自注意力机制（一种基于深度学习的模块）评估了这些差异的重要性，揭示了肠系膜明串珠菌和乳酸乳球菌电信号光谱中的几个独特信号。每种益生菌的特定电信号光谱为未来评估使用益生菌、抗生素和粪便微生物群移植的各种疗法的疗效提供了动态特征。要点：• 可检测到益生菌肠系膜明串珠菌和乳酸乳球菌在鸡胚尿囊膜和小鼠肠腔内产生的电信号。• 在葡萄糖存在的情况下，乳酸乳球菌在体外产生的电量高于肠系膜明串珠菌。此外，这两种细菌产生的电信号光谱不同。• 运用自注意力机制评估这些差异的重要性，揭示了电信号光谱中的几个独特信号。
