Poudineh Mohadeseh, Amirbeik Amirhesam, Firouzabadi Mohammad Dehghani, Hajizadeh Mahsa, Kahe Farima, Babaniamansour Sepideh, Poopak Amirhossein, Tajrishi Farbod Zahedi, Deravi Niloofar, Rahmanian Mohammad, Ghasemirad Hamidreza, Malek Mahta, Noroozi Masoud, Fathi Mobina, Keylani Kimia, Firouzabadi Ali Dehghani, Abbasabad Ghader Dargahi, Yazdanian Forough, Ramezanpour Sara, Babaniamansour Amirmohammad, Tajrishi Faryar Zahedi, Mohammadi Soheil, Ansari Golnoosh, Firouzabadi Fatemeh Dehghani, Yousem David M
School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran..
Acta Med Indones. 2025 Jan;57(1):18-43.
Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the recovery rate and duration of these symptoms in COVID-19patients.
This systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed and Google Scholar from April 1st, 2020, until October 1st, 2022, using the terms ''COVID-19'' OR ''COV-2,'' OR ''Coronavirus 2'' OR coronavirus AND ''loss of smell'' OR Anosmia OR Hyposmia OR olfaction OR ''olfactory loss'' AND ageusia OR Hypogeusia OR dysgeusia OR ''gustatory loss'' OR gustation OR ''loss of taste''. The references of included studies were also manually screened. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed.
One hundred and twenty-five studies with test-confirmed COVID-19 infection from 31 countries were included. 62 publications which reported data on loss of taste were used to estimate patients' recovery rate in 13700 COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, the time to recovery of loss of taste among COVID-19 patients ranged from 2±0.352 to 43.6 ± 28.5 days. The estimated overall pooled recovery rate of loss of taste among COVID-19 patients was 74%. The estimated overall pooled time to recover loss of taste among COVID-19 patients was 11.44 days [95% CI 8.11, 14.77(]. 90 publications which reported data on loss of smell were used to estimate patients' recovery rate in 20027 COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, the time to recover the loss of smell among COVID-19 patients ranged from 2.44±0.352 to 31.9 ± 30.7 days The estimated overall pooled recovery rate of loss of smell among COVID-19 patients was 72%. The estimated overall pooled time to recover loss of smell among COVID-19 patients was 12.87 days [95% CI)1011, 15.64(].
The recovery rate of loss of smell and taste among COVID-19 patients was high globally, and time to recovery of loss of smell and taste among COVID-19 patients usually was less than 2 weeks; regional differences supported the relevance of these symptoms as important markers. Health workers must consider smell and taste symptoms as suspicion indices for the empirical diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and reassure patients with their high recovery rate in a short period of time.
嗅觉功能障碍是2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的常见症状。在本研究中，我们旨在评估COVID-19患者这些症状的恢复率和持续时间。
本系统评价通过在2020年4月1日至2022年10月1日期间检索PubMed和谷歌学术，使用“COVID-19”或“COV-2”、“冠状病毒2”或冠状病毒以及“嗅觉丧失”或嗅觉缺失、嗅觉减退、嗅觉、“嗅觉丧失”和味觉障碍、味觉减退、味觉障碍或“味觉丧失”、味觉或“味觉丧失”等术语进行。对纳入研究的参考文献也进行了人工筛选。进行随机效应荟萃分析。
纳入了来自31个国家的125项经检测确诊为COVID-19感染的研究。62篇报告味觉丧失数据的出版物用于估计13700例COVID-19患者的恢复率。因此，COVID-19患者味觉丧失的恢复时间为2±0.352天至43.6±28.5天。COVID-19患者味觉丧失的总体合并恢复率估计为74%。COVID-19患者味觉丧失的总体合并恢复时间估计为11.44天[95%可信区间8.11，14.77]。90篇报告嗅觉丧失数据的出版物用于估计20027例COVID-19患者的恢复率。因此，COVID-19患者嗅觉丧失的恢复时间为2.44±0.352天至31.9±30.7天。COVID-19患者嗅觉丧失的总体合并恢复率估计为72%。COVID-19患者嗅觉丧失的总体合并恢复时间估计为12.87天[95%可信区间10.11，15.64]。
全球范围内，COVID-19患者嗅觉和味觉丧失的恢复率较高，COVID-19患者嗅觉和味觉丧失的恢复时间通常不到2周；地区差异支持这些症状作为重要标志物的相关性。卫生工作者必须将嗅觉和味觉症状视为COVID-19感染经验性诊断的可疑指标，并以其在短时间内的高恢复率让患者放心。
