Lu Dan, Geng Mengqi, Ma Xinrui, Gu Yu, Li Jialiang, Mao Jianming, Jiang Le, Chen Jianxin, Xu Tingting
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, China.
Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China.
Langmuir. 2025 May 6;41(17):11113-11122. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c00860. Epub 2025 Apr 22.
Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) present lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with that of metal-based PSCs. One of the main reasons is the limited conductivity of carbon materials. Liquid metals (LMs) with good fluidity and excellent conductivity can be applied as superior electrode materials for a broad range of applications. Herein, LMs are combined with a carbon slurry to improve their conductivity and enhance interfacial contact for high photovoltaic performance of carbon-based PSCs. In order to well disperse LMs and avoid their aggregation, three natural polyphenols, namely, gallic acid (GA), tannic acid (TA), and tea polyphenols (TP), with different molecular structures are adopted to disperse Gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) and form an encapsulation layer. As a novel surfactant, the TP molecule with moderate numbers of hydroxyl groups and steric hindrance presents the best property to disperse Ga NPs among these natural polyphenols. It can tightly bind with Ga to form a core-shell structure on the surface of Ga NPs. Its durable outer shell, around 11 nm, enables TP@Ga NPs to have superior structural stability, effectively inhibiting the invasion of water and oxygen, even after 10 days. With an optimal mass ratio of TP@Ga NPs to the carbon slurry (1:40), C-PSCs based on the TP@Ga40/C electrode achieve a champion PCE of 16.58%, significantly higher than that of the control devices (13.27%). In addition, the long-term stability of C-PSCs has also been increased, and after being stored at room temperature and a relative humidity of 35% for 35 days, the PCE can remain above 85% of the initial PCE. This work proposes a new method to well disperse LMs by TP surfactants and explores its promising application on improving the efficiency and stability of carbon-based PSCs.
与金属基钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）相比，碳基PSC的功率转换效率（PCE）较低。主要原因之一是碳材料的导电性有限。具有良好流动性和优异导电性的液态金属（LM）可作为优异的电极材料应用于广泛的领域。在此，将LM与碳浆料结合以提高其导电性并增强界面接触，从而实现碳基PSC的高光伏性能。为了使LM良好分散并避免其聚集，采用了三种具有不同分子结构的天然多酚，即没食子酸（GA）、单宁酸（TA）和茶多酚（TP）来分散镓纳米颗粒（Ga NPs）并形成封装层。作为一种新型表面活性剂，具有适量羟基和空间位阻的TP分子在这些天然多酚中表现出最佳的分散Ga NPs的性能。它可以与Ga紧密结合，在Ga NPs表面形成核壳结构。其约11 nm的耐用外壳使TP@Ga NPs具有优异的结构稳定性，即使在10天后也能有效抑制水和氧气的侵入。基于TP@Ga40/C电极的碳基PSC在TP@Ga NPs与碳浆料的最佳质量比为1:40时，获得了16.58%的最佳PCE，显著高于对照器件（13.27%）。此外，碳基PSC的长期稳定性也有所提高，在室温及35%相对湿度下储存35天后，PCE可保持在初始PCE的85%以上。这项工作提出了一种通过TP表面活性剂使LM良好分散的新方法，并探索了其在提高碳基PSC效率和稳定性方面的应用前景。
