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Barriers to Employment: Raters' Perceptions of Male Autistic and Non-Autistic Candidates During a Simulated Job Interview and the Impact of Diagnostic Disclosure.

作者信息

Flower Rebecca L, Dickens Louise M, Hedley Darren

机构信息

Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.

Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia.

出版信息

Autism Adulthood. 2021 Dec 1;3(4):300-309. doi: 10.1089/aut.2020.0075. Epub 2021 Dec 7.


DOI:10.1089/aut.2020.0075
PMID:36601643
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8992918/
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Autistic individuals face low rates of engagement in the labor force. There is evidence that job interviews pose a significant barrier to autistic people entering the workforce. In this experimental study, we investigated the impact of diagnostic disclosure on decisions concerning candidate suitability during job interviews. METHODS: Participants ( = 357; 59% female) from the general population rated 10 second "thin slices" of simulated job interviews of one male autistic and one male non-autistic candidate. In a between-subjects design, autism diagnostic disclosure was manipulated (None, Brief, and Detailed), so that ("None" condition) or ("Brief" and "Detailed" conditions) candidates were labeled as autistic before the simulated interview (with additional information provided about autism in the "Detailed" condition). RESULTS: Results for 255 non-autistic raters (57.6% female) were analyzed. Participants gave more favorable ratings of first impressions, employability, and endorsement for candidates labeled as autistic, irrespective of the actual diagnostic status (i.e., autistic and non-autistic) of the individual. Participants rated non-autistic candidates more favorably on all employment measures (first impressions, employability, and endorsement), and "hired" non-autistic candidates more frequently, compared with autistic candidates. Providing additional information about autism did not result in improved ratings. However, the discrepancy between autistic and non-autistic people chosen for "hire" was reduced when more information was provided. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found some support for the benefits of diagnostic disclosure during a simulated interview, these benefits were not restricted to autistic candidates and may be a positive bias associated with the diagnostic label. Contrary to our predictions, providing information about autism in addition to the diagnostic label did not have an overall impact on results. More research is required to determine whether benefits outweigh any risks of disclosure for autistic job candidates, and whether training interviewers about autism might improve employment outcomes for autistic job seekers. LAY SUMMARY: Job interviews seem to be a barrier to employment for autistic people. This is problematic, as job interviews are typically a part of the job application process. We wanted to explore how non-autistic people perceive male autistic job candidates, and how this compares with male non-autistic candidates. We also wanted investigate whether disclosing that the candidate was autistic changed the raters' judgments of candidates, and if these judgments improved if more information about autism and employment was provided. We showed 357 non-autistic participants short video snippets (∼10 seconds) of two "job candidates" (people who had completed a simulated job interview). Each participant was shown one video of an autistic job candidate, and one video of a non-autistic job candidate. Participants rated the candidates on two scales (employability and first impressions). After watching both videos, they chose which of the two candidates they would "hire" and gave an endorsement rating for each.Participants were in one of three conditions. Participants in the first condition ("None") were not given information about autism before watching the two videos. Participants in the second condition ("Brief") were told that of the candidates were autistic. Participants in the third condition ("Detailed") were told that candidates were autistic and were also provided with information about autism and the workplace. We told raters in the Brief and Detailed conditions that the autistic and non-autistic candidate were autistic to explore if the diagnostic label influenced raters' perceptions of candidates separately to the actual diagnostic status of candidates. Overall, the participants rated non-autistic candidates more favorably compared with autistic candidates. Participants gave more favorable job interview ratings for candidates when they were labeled as autistic, showing the autism label made a difference to how raters perceived candidates. Participants given information about autism and employment did not rate the candidates any higher than those in other two conditions, but they did "hire" more autistic candidates than the other participants. The findings of this study provide some support that diagnostic disclosure may improve perceptions of autistic candidates (by non-autistic people) at job interview. Providing information about autism and the workplace in addition to disclosure may also provide some benefit, but more data are needed. Our findings may not reflect real-world settings. Further studies are also needed that include people of other genders. Given the small number of stimuli videos, and the many differences between autistic people, the less favorable ratings of autistic people should be interpreted with caution. The results of this study provide some evidence that there may be some benefit of disclosing an autism diagnosis during a job interview to non-autistic people. However, diagnostic disclosure is a complex and personal choice.

摘要

相似文献

[1]
Barriers to Employment: Raters' Perceptions of Male Autistic and Non-Autistic Candidates During a Simulated Job Interview and the Impact of Diagnostic Disclosure.

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Information transfer within and between autistic and non-autistic people.

Nat Hum Behav. 2025-5-14

[2]
Improving Accessibility for Work Opportunities for Adults With Autism in an End-to-End Supported Workplace Program: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Cohort Study.

JMIR Res Protoc. 2025-5-1

[3]
Autistic Students' Experiences of Employment and Employability Support while Studying at a UK University.

Autism Adulthood. 2025-4-3

[4]
First Impressions Towards Autistic People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Autism Res. 2025-5

[5]
The Behavioral Presentation of Autistic Adults in a Forensic Interview.

J Autism Dev Disord. 2025-3-29

[6]
How Long Does it Last? The Enduring Benefits of Neurodiversity Training and Diagnostic Disclosure on Hiring Outcomes for Adults with ASD.

J Autism Dev Disord. 2025-2-18

[7]
Changing Outcomes for Job Candidates with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Benefits of Neurodiversity Training and ASD Disclosure.

J Autism Dev Disord. 2025-1-31

[8]
Autism and Employment Challenges: The Double Empathy Problem and Perceptions of an Autistic Employee in the Workplace.

Autism Adulthood. 2024-6-17

[9]
Autism and the Case Against Job Interviews.

Neuroethics. 2024

[10]
An ecological systems model of employee experience in industry-led autism employment programmes.

Autism. 2024-6

本文引用的文献

[1]
Employability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Job candidate's diagnostic disclosure and asd characteristics and employer's ASD knowledge and social desirability.

J Exp Psychol Appl. 2021-3

[2]
Outcomes of real-world social interaction for autistic adults paired with autistic compared to typically developing partners.

Autism. 2020-7

[3]
Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults.

Autism Res. 2019-8-9

[4]
Disclosure and workplace accommodations for people with autism: a systematic review.

Disabil Rehabil. 2021-3

[5]
Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults.

Autism. 2019-3-8

[6]
First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers.

Autism. 2017-10-17

[7]
Predictors of employment status among adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Work. 2017

[8]
Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments.

Sci Rep. 2017-2-1

[9]
Figurative language comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analytic review.

Autism. 2016-11-30

[10]
Employment programmes and interventions targeting adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of the literature.

Autism. 2016-8-18

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