Zhang Chunhua, Li Wenting, Wu Yahan, Li Shengli, Hua Bao, Sun Haizhou
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010031, China.
Key Laboratory of Grass-Feeding Livestock Healthy Breeding and Livestock Product Quality Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Mar 20;14(6):978. doi: 10.3390/plants14060978.
Chloroplasts are important in plant growth, development, and defense mechanisms, making them central to addressing global agricultural challenges. This review explores the multi-faceted contributions of chloroplasts, including photosynthesis, hormone biosynthesis, and stress signaling, which orchestrate the trade-off between growth and defense. Advancements in chloroplast genomics, transcription, translation, and proteomics have deepened our understanding of their regulatory functions and interactions with nuclear-encoded proteins. Case studies have demonstrated the potential of chloroplast-targeted strategies, such as the expression of elongation factor EF-2 for heat tolerance and flavodiiron proteins for drought resilience, to enhance crop productivity and stress adaptation. Future research directions should focus on the need for integrating omics data with nanotechnology and synthetic biology to develop sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. This review uniquely integrates recent advancements in chloroplast genomics, transcriptional regulation, and synthetic biology to present a holistic perspective on optimizing plant growth and stress tolerance. We emphasize the role of chloroplast-driven trade-off in balancing growth and immunity, leveraging omics technologies and emerging biotechnological innovations. This comprehensive approach offers new insights into sustainable agricultural practices, making it a significant contribution to the field.
叶绿体在植物生长、发育和防御机制中起着重要作用，使其成为应对全球农业挑战的核心。本综述探讨了叶绿体的多方面贡献，包括光合作用、激素生物合成和应激信号传导，这些协调了生长与防御之间的权衡。叶绿体基因组学、转录、翻译和蛋白质组学的进展加深了我们对其调控功能以及与核编码蛋白相互作用的理解。案例研究表明，叶绿体靶向策略具有潜力，例如表达用于耐热性的延伸因子EF-2和用于抗旱性的黄素二铁蛋白，以提高作物生产力和胁迫适应性。未来的研究方向应侧重于将组学数据与纳米技术和合成生物学相结合，以开发可持续和有韧性的农业系统。本综述独特地整合了叶绿体基因组学、转录调控和合成生物学的最新进展，以呈现关于优化植物生长和胁迫耐受性的整体观点。我们强调叶绿体驱动的权衡在平衡生长和免疫中的作用，利用组学技术和新兴生物技术创新。这种全面的方法为可持续农业实践提供了新的见解，使其成为该领域的一项重大贡献。
