Kiełbowski Kajetan, Plewa Paulina, Zadworny Jan, Bakinowska Estera, Becht Rafał, Pawlik Andrzej
Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Feb 25;13(3):237. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13030237.
Immunotherapy is an established and efficient treatment strategy for a variety of malignancies. It aims to boost the anticancer properties of one's own immune system. Several immunotherapeutic options are available, but immune checkpoint blockers represent the most widely known and investigated. Anticancer vaccines represent an evolving area of immunotherapy that stimulate antigen-presenting cells, cytotoxic responses of CD8+ T cells, and the presence of memory T cells, among others. Over the years, different approaches for anticancer vaccines have been studied, such as mRNA and DNA vaccines, together with dendritic cell- and viral vector-based vaccines. Recently, an accumulating number of clinical studies have been performed to analyze the safety and potential efficacy of these agents. The aim of this review is to summarize recent advances regarding different types of therapeutic anticancer vaccines. Furthermore, it will discuss how recent advances in preclinical models can enhance clinical outcomes.
免疫疗法是针对多种恶性肿瘤的一种既定且有效的治疗策略。其目的是增强自身免疫系统的抗癌特性。有几种免疫治疗方案可供选择，但免疫检查点阻断剂是最广为人知且研究最多的。抗癌疫苗是免疫疗法中一个不断发展的领域，它能刺激抗原呈递细胞、CD8 + T细胞的细胞毒性反应以及记忆T细胞的存在等。多年来，已经研究了不同的抗癌疫苗方法，如mRNA疫苗和DNA疫苗，以及基于树突状细胞和病毒载体的疫苗。最近，已经进行了越来越多的临床研究来分析这些药物的安全性和潜在疗效。本综述的目的是总结不同类型治疗性抗癌疫苗的最新进展。此外，还将讨论临床前模型的最新进展如何改善临床结果。
