Xu Kai, Yin MingYue, Zhong YuMing, Huang KongYun, Xu YiMeng, Zhou Jing, Wang Ran
School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; and.
School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
J Strength Cond Res. 2025 May 1;39(5):e711-e720. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000005087.
Xu, K, Yin, M, Zhong, Y, Huang, K, Xu, Y, Zhou, J, and Wang, R. Acute effects of assisted and resisted sprint training on subsequent sprint performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): e711-e720, 2025-The aim of the meta-analysis was to determine the acute effects of resisted (RST), assisted (AST), and unresisted (UST) sprint training on sprint performance and to identify the optimal training protocol. A computerized search was conducted in 5 databases, resulting in the inclusion of 23 studies and 395 subjects. The findings indicated that RST acutely improved sprint performance (effect size [ES] -0.20; p < 0.05), while UST (ES = -0.03) and AST (ES = -0.18) did not produce significant improvements (p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that RST load as a percentage of body mass (%BM) showed the greatest improvement with heavy loads (50-75% BM, ES = -0.40) compared with light (0-19% BM, ES = -0.22), moderate (20-49% BM, ES = -0.21), and very heavy (>75% BM, ES = 0.10) loads. Further analyses indicated that sled pushing (ES = -0.60) was more effective than sled pulling (ES = -0.34) under heavy load RST conditions. Nonlinear meta-regression results demonstrated that sprint performance improvement exhibited an inverted-U relationship with RST load. In addition, heavy load RST and moderate load AST did not disrupt subsequent sprinting technique. In conclusion, only RST acutely improved subsequent sprint performance, whereas AST and UST did not. For optimal results with RST, it is recommended to use 1 set of heavy loads (50-75% BM) for sled pushing for a distance of 15-20 meters, followed by a rest period of 4-8 minutes before performing 0-30 meters of UST.
徐，K，尹，M，钟，Y，黄，K，徐，Y，周，J，王，R。助力和抗阻冲刺训练对后续冲刺表现的急性影响：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。《力量与体能研究杂志》39(5): e711 - e720，2025年 - 本荟萃分析的目的是确定抗阻（RST）、助力（AST）和无阻力（UST）冲刺训练对冲刺表现的急性影响，并确定最佳训练方案。在5个数据库中进行了计算机检索，纳入了23项研究和395名受试者。研究结果表明，抗阻冲刺训练能急性改善冲刺表现（效应量[ES] -0.20；p < 0.05），而无阻力冲刺训练（ES = -0.03）和助力冲刺训练（ES = -0.18）未产生显著改善（p > 0.05）。亚组分析显示，与轻负荷（0 - 19%体重，ES = -0.22）、中等负荷（20 - 49%体重，ES = -0.21）和极重负荷（>75%体重，ES = 0.10）相比，以体重百分比（%BM）表示的抗阻冲刺训练负荷在重负荷（50 - 75%体重，ES = -0.40）时改善最大。进一步分析表明，在重负荷抗阻冲刺训练条件下，推雪橇（ES = -0.60）比拉雪橇（ES = -0.34）更有效。非线性荟萃回归结果表明，冲刺表现的改善与抗阻冲刺训练负荷呈倒U形关系。此外，重负荷抗阻冲刺训练和中等负荷助力冲刺训练不会干扰后续的冲刺技术。总之，只有抗阻冲刺训练能急性改善后续冲刺表现，而助力冲刺训练和无阻力冲刺训练则不能。为了通过抗阻冲刺训练获得最佳效果，建议使用1组重负荷（50 - 75%体重）推雪橇15 - 20米，然后休息4 - 8分钟，再进行0 - 30米的无阻力冲刺训练。
