Bertelloni Fabrizio, Ebani Valentina Virginia
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Vet Sci. 2025 Mar 19;12(3):285. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12030285.
The demand for unconventional pets has markedly increased in recent years worldwide. Among them, many species of mammals are frequently kept in domestic environments in close contact with their owners. Pets often harbor zoonotic microorganisms without showing clinical signs; therefore, owners do not suspect that they can be a source of pathogens. Pets of several unconventional species may act mainly as maintenance hosts for leptospires; they are clinically silent but shed the spirochetes in their urine representing a serious risk of infection for people living in the same domestic area. However, their role as maintenance or incidental hosts seems variable in relation to the animal species, and it has not always been elucidated. No vaccines against spp. are available for unconventional mammal pets, and so prophylaxis is based on rigorous hygienic measures and the identification of infected animals through indirect and/or direct diagnosis for leptospirosis.
近年来，全球对非传统宠物的需求显著增加。其中，许多哺乳动物物种经常被饲养在家庭环境中，并与主人密切接触。宠物常常携带人畜共患微生物却不表现出临床症状；因此，主人并不怀疑它们可能是病原体的来源。几种非传统物种的宠物可能主要作为钩端螺旋体的储存宿主；它们临床上无症状，但在尿液中排出螺旋体，这对生活在同一家庭区域的人构成严重感染风险。然而，它们作为储存宿主或偶然宿主的作用似乎因动物物种而异，而且并不总是很清楚。目前没有针对非传统哺乳动物宠物的钩端螺旋体疫苗，因此预防措施基于严格的卫生措施以及通过间接和/或直接诊断钩端螺旋体病来识别感染动物。
