Cenderadewi Muthia, Franklin Richard C, Fathana Prima B, Devine Susan G
James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
Health Educ Behav. 2025 Apr 23:10901981251330487. doi: 10.1177/10901981251330487.
Child drowning is a significant public health issue in Indonesia; however, there remains a lack of understanding within communities of the risks and how to prevent it. This qualitative study aimed to explore existing and suggested actions undertaken by parents and communities to prevent child drowning. Seven focus group discussions were conducted, comprising 62 participants, with parents of children below 5 years and village community leaders from seven villages on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Participants were recruited with purposive and snowball sampling methods. The thematic analysis used both deductive, applying the Health Belief Model and the Health Promotion Framework, and inductive approaches. The results highlighted the focus that participants placed on individual-focused, behavioral drowning interventions, particularly through swimming lessons for school-age children and educational programs on life-saving skills for parents and community members. While participants acknowledged the importance of midstream interventions, such as safety measures around water bodies and community-based safe places for children, alongside population-based upstream interventions such as advocating for policies, regulations, and intergovernmental agency collaboration, there was limited understanding on the roles of the education and health departments in preventing child drowning. Participants reported inconsistent and insufficient implementation of swimming lessons in schools. Further research into formal integration of swimming training into school curricula and its impact on reducing child drowning rates, development of contextually relevant water safety promotion approaches, and alignment of cross-sector partnerships is imperative to ensure effective and sustainable drowning prevention efforts in Indonesia.
儿童溺水是印度尼西亚一个重大的公共卫生问题；然而，社区内部对溺水风险以及如何预防溺水仍缺乏了解。这项定性研究旨在探讨家长和社区为预防儿童溺水所采取的现有行动及建议行动。研究在印度尼西亚西努沙登加拉省龙目岛的七个村庄开展了七次焦点小组讨论，共有62名参与者，包括5岁以下儿童的家长和村庄社区领袖。采用目的抽样和滚雪球抽样方法招募参与者。主题分析采用了演绎法（应用健康信念模型和健康促进框架）和归纳法。结果突出了参与者对以个体为重点的行为溺水干预措施的关注，特别是通过为学龄儿童提供游泳课程以及为家长和社区成员开展救生技能教育项目。虽然参与者承认中游干预措施（如水体周边的安全措施和为儿童设立的社区安全场所）以及基于人群的上游干预措施（如倡导政策、法规和政府间机构合作）的重要性，但对教育部门和卫生部门在预防儿童溺水中的作用了解有限。参与者报告称学校游泳课程的实施不一致且不充分。有必要进一步研究将游泳训练正式纳入学校课程及其对降低儿童溺水率的影响、制定因地制宜的水上安全促进方法以及调整跨部门伙伴关系，以确保印度尼西亚的溺水预防工作有效且可持续。
