Pawlik Mateusz, Trębacz Piotr, Barteczko Anna, Kurkowska Aleksandra, Piątek Agata, Paszenda Zbigniew, Basiaga Marcin
Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
CABIOMEDE Ltd., 25-663 Kielce, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Apr 3;18(7):1652. doi: 10.3390/ma18071652.
This review explores the technological advancements in, engineering considerations regarding, and quality standards of veterinary patellar groove replacement implants. Veterinary-specific regulations for these implants are currently lacking. Therefore, human knee implant benchmarks are used as references. These benchmarks guide evaluation of the surface quality, material selection, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance of the implant to ensure reliability and longevity. Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic disorder in small animals which leads to patellofemoral joint instability and cartilage degeneration, and is often caused by angular limb deformities that disrupt patellar alignment. In severe cases, patellar groove replacement is necessary to restore function and alleviate pain. The implant materials must provide durability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility to withstand joint forces while ensuring minimal wear. High-quality surface finishes reduce the friction experienced by these materials, improving their long-term performance. Advances in 3D printing allow the creation of patient-specific implants. These implants offer an enhanced anatomical fit and enhanced functionality, which is especially beneficial in complex cases. However, challenges remain in achieving consistent manufacturing quality and economic feasibility. While custom implants are invaluable for difficult cases, standardized designs are sufficient for routine applications. Combining human implant standards with new manufacturing technologies improves veterinary orthopedic solutions. This integration expands the treatment options for patellar luxation and enhances the quality and accessibility of implants.
本综述探讨了兽医髌沟置换植入物的技术进步、工程考量因素及质量标准。目前缺乏针对这些植入物的兽医专用法规。因此，以人类膝关节植入物的基准作为参考。这些基准指导对植入物的表面质量、材料选择、生物相容性和机械性能进行评估，以确保可靠性和使用寿命。髌骨脱位是小动物常见的骨科疾病，会导致髌股关节不稳定和软骨退变，通常由破坏髌骨对齐的四肢角度畸形引起。在严重情况下，需要进行髌沟置换以恢复功能并减轻疼痛。植入材料必须具备耐久性、机械强度和生物相容性，以承受关节力，同时确保磨损最小。高质量的表面光洁度可降低这些材料所经历的摩擦，提高其长期性能。3D打印技术的进步使得能够制造定制的患者专用植入物。这些植入物具有更好的解剖适应性和增强的功能，在复杂病例中尤其有益。然而，在实现一致的制造质量和经济可行性方面仍存在挑战。虽然定制植入物对困难病例非常宝贵，但标准化设计对于常规应用就足够了。将人类植入物标准与新制造技术相结合可改善兽医骨科解决方案。这种整合扩大了髌骨脱位的治疗选择，并提高了植入物的质量和可及性。
