Kang Ying, Zhang Yuncheng, Chen Jianhua, Yu Qingfu, Li Biao, Wang Yijin, Dong Shengjun
Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 24;20(4):e0321147. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321147. eCollection 2025.
The aim was to explore the alterations in growth traits, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Prunus sibirica seedlings raised from spaceflight seeds. The seedlings cultivated by the "Shenzhou XII" spacecraft carrying the seeds of superior clones of P. sibirica were used to observe their growth traits and determine physiological indicators. The results showed that plant height of Prunus sibirica seedlings raised from spaceflight seeds increased by 18-34% and internode length increased by 8-26%, but the number of primary branches, secondary branches, and leaves showed no significant change compared to the ground control. Leaf length and width of Prunus sibirica seedlings raised from spaceflight seeds were significantly higher than those of the ground control, with leaf length, width, and area increasing to 1.21-1.80 times higher than that of the ground control. Furthermore, the antioxidant and osmoregulatory capacities of P. sibirica seedlings raised from spaceflight seeds were altered. The peroxidase (POD) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased in ST28, ST207, and ST507, while they were reduced in ST1 and ST453. Compared with the ground control, the content of soluble sugar(SS), starch (St), and free proline (Pro) were significantly or highly significantly increased in all lines. The content of soluble protein (SP) was significantly increased in ST1, ST28, ST207, and ST507, while there was no significant change in ST453. P. sibirica seedlings raised from spaceflight seeds exhibited increased leaf pigment content, the interstitial CO2 concentration (Ci), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr). In conclusion, compared with the ground control, the growth indexes and physiological characteristics of Prunus sibirica seedlings raised from spaceflight seeds were changed, and the direction of change was different for different lines. This provided a foundation for subsequent germplasm improvement and variety selection.
目的是探究航天搭载种子培育的西伯利亚杏幼苗生长性状、生理生化特性的变化。以搭载西伯利亚杏优良无性系种子的“神舟十二号”飞船所培育的幼苗为材料，观测其生长性状并测定生理指标。结果表明，航天搭载种子培育的西伯利亚杏幼苗株高增加了18 - 34%，节间长度增加了8 - 26%，但一级枝、二级枝和叶片数量与地面对照相比无显著变化。航天搭载种子培育的西伯利亚杏幼苗叶片长度和宽度显著高于地面对照，叶片长度、宽度和面积分别增加到地面对照的1.21 - 1.80倍。此外，航天搭载种子培育的西伯利亚杏幼苗抗氧化和渗透调节能力发生了改变。在ST28、ST207和ST507中过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量增加，而在ST1和ST453中降低。与地面对照相比，各株系可溶性糖（SS）、淀粉（St）和游离脯氨酸（Pro）含量显著或极显著增加。可溶性蛋白（SP）含量在ST1、ST28、ST207和ST507中显著增加，而在ST453中无显著变化。航天搭载种子培育的西伯利亚杏幼苗叶片色素含量、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）均增加。综上所述，与地面对照相比，航天搭载种子培育的西伯利亚杏幼苗生长指标和生理特性发生了变化，不同株系变化方向不同。这为后续种质改良和品种选育提供了依据。
