do Nascimento Carlos Henrique, de Lima Adiel Vieira, de Souza Paloma Eduarda Lopes, de Souza Filho Djalma Fernandes, Santos Silva Raiane Dos, Rodrigues Aline Beatriz, Neto Raul da Cunha Lima, de Lima Matheus Ramalho, Guerra Ricardo Romão, Ribeiro Apolônio Gomes, Carvalho Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino, Costa Fernando Guilherme Perazzo
Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Animal Science Department, Areia-PB, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Animal Science Departament, Unidade Acadêmica Especializada em Ciências Agrarias, Macaíba - RN, Brazil.
Poult Sci. 2025 Apr 13;104(7):105158. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105158.
The primary objective of modern laying hen production is to extend the production cycle to achieve an average of 500 eggs in 100 weeks, which requires research to improve eggshell quality. The eggshell plays a crucial role in mechanical protection and provides a suitable environment for embryonic development. Composed mainly of calcium carbonate and other minerals, calcium (Ca) is essential in the diet for eggshell formation and is incorporated into the diet of laying hens. However, hens have a cyclic reproductive physiology, which leads to varying nutrient requirements throughout the day. In the morning, higher levels of dietary protein and energy are needed to support yolk and albumen formation, while in the afternoon and evening, increased calcium intake is crucial for eggshell and membrane development. Traditional feeding systems, which provide a single diet throughout the day, may result in nutrient imbalances, leading to excess calcium intake in the morning and an oversupply of protein and energy in the afternoon. To address this issue, the split feeding strategy has been proposed. This approach involves offering a high-protein, high-energy, low-calcium diet in the morning, followed by a low-protein, low-energy, high-calcium diet in the afternoon or evening. By aligning nutrient supply with the hen's metabolic needs, split feeding optimizes nutrient utilization, improves feed efficiency, and enhances eggshell quality while reducing unnecessary nutrient excretion. Given the growing interest in optimizing layer nutrition and improving production efficiency, this study presents a comprehensive review of existing data on split feeding strategies, highlighting their impact on nutrient utilization, eggshell quality, and overall laying performance.
现代蛋鸡生产的主要目标是延长生产周期，以在100周内平均产蛋500枚，这需要开展研究来提高蛋壳质量。蛋壳在机械保护方面起着关键作用，并为胚胎发育提供适宜的环境。蛋壳主要由碳酸钙和其他矿物质组成，钙（Ca）是蛋壳形成日粮中的必需成分，并被纳入蛋鸡的日粮中。然而，母鸡具有周期性的生殖生理，这导致其全天的营养需求各不相同。早晨，需要较高水平的日粮蛋白质和能量来支持蛋黄和蛋清的形成，而在下午和晚上，增加钙的摄入量对蛋壳和内膜发育至关重要。传统的饲喂系统全天提供单一日粮，可能会导致营养失衡，导致早晨钙摄入过量，下午蛋白质和能量供应过剩。为了解决这个问题，人们提出了分阶段饲喂策略。这种方法包括在早晨提供高蛋白、高能量、低钙的日粮，然后在下午或晚上提供低蛋白、低能量、高钙的日粮。通过使营养供应与母鸡的代谢需求相匹配，分阶段饲喂优化了营养利用，提高了饲料效率，增强了蛋壳质量，同时减少了不必要的养分排泄。鉴于人们对优化蛋鸡营养和提高生产效率的兴趣日益浓厚，本研究对分阶段饲喂策略的现有数据进行了全面综述，突出了它们对营养利用、蛋壳质量和整体产蛋性能的影响。
