Wageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, NL-6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Wageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, NL-6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2021 Nov;100(11):101419. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101419. Epub 2021 Aug 8.
Eggshell quality of broiler breeders' eggs decreases at the end of the laying period. Feeding a limited daily allowance of feed in the morning does not supply the necessary nutrients, particularly calcium for eggshell formation, at the right time of the day. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of providing a standard diet twice a day or split feeding (special morning and afternoon diet) in broiler breeders on production performance, eggshell quality, incubation traits, and behavior. At 50 wk of age (WOA) 576 females and 48 males were randomly allotted to 24 floor pens and assigned to one of three treatments: 1) Standard breeder diet fed once a day (100% at 0730 h) (CON1x), 2) Standard breeder diet fed twice a day (50% at 0730 h and 50% at 1400 h) (CON2x), and 3) Split feeding fed twice a day, with a special morning (0730 h) and afternoon (1400 h) diet composition (SP2x). The morning diet was energetically comparable with the control diet, but it contained more protein and phosphorus (P) and less calcium (Ca). The afternoon diet had a lower energy, protein and P and a higher Ca content than the control and morning diet. The SP2x birds tended to have a higher egg production between 51 and 55 WOA (27.0 vs. 25.9 eggs; P = 0.088) compared to the CON1x birds, while the CON2x birds (26.6 eggs) did not differ from the other treatments. No differences were found on egg production for the total period (51-60 WOA) and on other production parameters. The different feeding strategies did not affect eggshell quality and incubation traits. However, the feeding strategies affected the behavioral patterns considerably. Twice a day feeding (CON2x and SP2x) resulted in more time spent on eating and sitting, and in less time spent on foraging and object pecking (P ≤ 0.05) compared to feeding once a day (CON1x). In conclusion, twice a day feeding improves behavior and split feeding improves both egg production and behavior in broiler breeders, however, no effects were observed on eggshell quality and incubation traits.
蛋鸡种鸡的蛋壳质量在产蛋末期下降。早上限量供应饲料不能在一天中的正确时间提供必要的营养物质，特别是蛋壳形成所需的钙。因此，进行了一项实验，研究在蛋鸡种鸡中每天两次提供标准日粮或分餐（特殊早晚饮食）对生产性能、蛋壳质量、孵化特性和行为的影响。在 50 周龄（WOA）时，将 576 只母鸡和 48 只公鸡随机分配到 24 个地板笼中，并分配到以下三种处理之一：1）每天一次饲喂标准种鸡日粮（100%在 0730 h）（CON1x），2）每天两次饲喂标准种鸡日粮（50%在 0730 h 和 50%在 1400 h）（CON2x），3）每天两次分餐，特殊早晚（0730 h 和 1400 h）饮食组成（SP2x）。早餐饮料在能量上与对照饮食相当，但含有更多的蛋白质和磷（P），更少的钙（Ca）。下午的饮食比对照和早餐饮食的能量、蛋白质和 P 含量低，钙含量高。与 CON1x 组相比，SP2x 组在 51 至 55 周龄（27.0 个蛋 vs. 25.9 个蛋；P=0.088）之间的产蛋量更高，而 CON2x 组（26.6 个蛋）与其他处理组没有差异。在整个时期（51-60 周龄）和其他生产参数上，不同的饲养策略对产蛋率没有影响。不同的饲养策略并没有影响蛋壳质量和孵化特性。然而，饲养策略对行为模式有很大的影响。与每天一次饲养（CON1x）相比，每天两次饲养（CON2x 和 SP2x）导致更多的时间用于进食和坐立，用于觅食和啄物的时间减少（P≤0.05）。结论：每天两次饲养可改善行为，分餐可提高蛋鸡种鸡的产蛋量和行为，但对蛋壳质量和孵化特性没有影响。
