Alessi Mateus Rodrigues, Fedatto Murillo Campigotto, Segalla Marcos Correa, Pavanelo Camila do Valle, Barberato Rodrigo, Carlotto Gessil Dgeovani, França Graciliano José
Universidade Positivo - UP, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUC-PR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
J Vasc Bras. 2025 Apr 18;24:e20240111. doi: 10.1590/1677-5449.202401112. eCollection 2025.
The carotid bifurcation is known for its anatomical variations, involving structures that can be assessed by ultrasound examination. Knowledge of unusual anatomy is crucial in surgical procedures, directly influencing their outcomes.
To assess whether fourth-year medical students with prior training are capable of performing ultrasound examinations to compare the height of the carotid bifurcation between men and women.
602 carotid bifurcations from 301 participants were identified by ultrasound examinations conducted by medical students after prior training by a professional qualified in vascular ultrasound. After each examination, the results were verified by a specialist physician. Gender, age, and bilateral measurement of the distance between the carotid bifurcation and the ear lobe were compared.
The students' measurements differed from the specialist physician's measurements by more than 0.2 cm in just 8 examinations. On the right side, the average height of the carotid bifurcation relative to the earlobe was 5.9 cm, compared to 5.8 cm on the left side, for the whole sample. The distance on the right side was significantly shorter among the women, with an average of 5.6 cm, compared to 6.3 cm among the men (p<0.0001). The distance on the left side was also significantly shorter in women, with an average of 5.4 cm, compared to 6.2 cm among the men (p<0.0001). The difference between sides was not statistically significant between the sexes.
After training, medical students demonstrate high accuracy in the technique of measuring the carotid bifurcation height using vascular ultrasound. Men showed a tendency for the bifurcations to be located farther from the earlobe compared to women.
颈动脉分叉以其解剖变异而闻名，涉及可通过超声检查评估的结构。了解异常解剖结构在外科手术中至关重要，直接影响手术结果。
评估接受过前期培训的四年级医学生是否有能力进行超声检查，以比较男性和女性颈动脉分叉的高度。
在经过血管超声专业资质人员的前期培训后，医学生对301名参与者的602个颈动脉分叉进行了超声检查。每次检查后，由专科医生核实结果。比较了性别、年龄以及颈动脉分叉与耳垂之间距离的双侧测量值。
在仅8次检查中，学生的测量值与专科医生的测量值相差超过0.2厘米。对于整个样本，右侧颈动脉分叉相对于耳垂的平均高度为5.9厘米，左侧为5.8厘米。右侧距离在女性中明显更短，平均为5.6厘米，而男性为6.3厘米（p<0.0001）。左侧距离在女性中也明显更短，平均为5.4厘米，而男性为6.2厘米（p<0.0001）。两侧之间的差异在性别之间无统计学意义。
经过培训后，医学生在使用血管超声测量颈动脉分叉高度的技术方面表现出很高的准确性。与女性相比，男性的分叉位置有远离耳垂的趋势。
