Rosati Fau, Lorusso Maric Martin, Pistella Jessica, Anzani Annalisa, Di Giannantonio Bianca, Mirabella Marta, Baiocco Roberto
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Italy.
Int J Transgend Health. 2024 Apr 11;26(2):360-377. doi: 10.1080/26895269.2024.2338152. eCollection 2025.
INTRODUCTION: Nonbinary gender identities are widely erased and invalidated in Western societies, due to binary normativity. The segregation by binary gender of public spaces and sports categories may cause unique sources of stress for nonbinary people, manifesting at a structural and interpersonal level. Utilizing the nonbinary minority stress framework this study explores how the dichotomous gender division of public restrooms, store dressing rooms, locker rooms, and sports categories is associated with distal and proximal dimensions of minority stress. METHODS: The study was conducted in Italy and involved 40 nonbinary individuals aged 19 to 36 years in a semi-structured interview. The research team comprised a diverse range of positionalities, including trans, nonbinary, queer, bisexual, lesbian, and cisgender heterosexual-allied researchers. RESULTS: Through reflexive thematic analysis combining deductive and inductive orientations, themes were organized in two macro-areas representing distal and proximal stressors. Distal stressors encompassed experiences of bullying, harassment, discrimination, social intrusiveness and control, non-affirmation, invalidation, and the burden of powerlessness. Proximal stressors included internalized invalidation, avoidance coping, negative expectations, disclosure negotiation, and gender dysphoria. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Findings showed that intrusiveness, control, non-affirmation, and social invalidation represent pervasive elements in the daily experiences of nonbinary individuals, contributing to the internalization of negative emotions referred to the self, including discomfort, shame, and a sense of social inadequacy. Nonbinary individuals may prioritize the comfort of others in social interactions, negotiating the disclosure of their identity to prevent others from feeling uneasy in their presence. Implications for clinical interventions, policy, and future research are discussed.
引言:由于二元规范,非二元性别身份在西方社会广泛被忽视且得不到认可。公共场所和体育类别按二元性别划分可能给非二元性别人士带来独特的压力源,在结构和人际层面表现出来。本研究利用非二元少数群体压力框架,探讨公共卫生间、商店试衣间、更衣室和体育类别中的二元性别划分如何与少数群体压力的远端和近端维度相关联。 方法:该研究在意大利进行,对40名年龄在19至36岁之间的非二元性别人士进行了半结构化访谈。研究团队包括各种不同身份的研究人员,包括跨性别、非二元、酷儿、双性恋、女同性恋和顺性别异性恋同盟研究人员。 结果:通过结合演绎和归纳取向的反思性主题分析,主题被组织在代表远端和近端压力源的两个宏观领域中。远端压力源包括欺凌、骚扰、歧视、社会侵扰和控制、不认可、无效化以及无力感负担。近端压力源包括内化的无效化、回避应对、消极期望、披露协商和性别焦虑。 结论与讨论:研究结果表明,侵扰、控制、不认可和社会无效化是非二元性别人士日常经历中的普遍因素,导致与自我相关的负面情绪内化,包括不适、羞耻和社交不足感。非二元性别人士在社交互动中可能会优先考虑他人的舒适度,协商身份披露以防止他人在其面前感到不安。讨论了对临床干预、政策和未来研究的启示。
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