Jing Ruiqi, Pennisi Cristian P, Nielsen Thorbjørn T, Larsen Kim L
Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jun;311(Pt 2):143461. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143461. Epub 2025 Apr 23.
Supramolecular hydrogels are three-dimensional structures composed of cross-linked macromolecules interconnected by dynamic physical bonds, which allow them to absorb and retain significant volumes of water. Their intrinsic properties, such as viscoelasticity, self-healing capabilities, and high water content, render them promising materials for cell-laden scaffolds utilized in bioinks. This review systematically summarizes the current state-of-the-art advancements in hydrogels for tissue engineering, categorizing them based on the nature of their supramolecular interactions. Particular emphasis is placed on the classification of supramolecular hydrogels and their associated properties, including kinetics, mechanical characteristics, responsiveness, and swelling behavior. The review specifically addresses the criteria that hydrogels must fulfill prior to their application in bioinks. Achieving biocompatibility and bioactivity necessitates the careful selection of hydrogel compositions with suitable properties, as well as the incorporation of external organic or inorganic bioactive molecules. Methods for measuring and enhancing biophysical and biochemical properties are discussed in detail, alongside an exploration of the unique requirements of bioinks tailored for each additive manufacturing method. This review paper serves as an instructive resource for the construction and characterization of supramolecular hydrogels, facilitating their application in bioinks for tissue engineering.
超分子水凝胶是由通过动态物理键相互连接的交联大分子组成的三维结构，这使得它们能够吸收和保留大量的水。它们的固有特性，如粘弹性、自愈能力和高含水量，使其成为用于生物墨水的载细胞支架的有前景的材料。本综述系统地总结了用于组织工程的水凝胶的当前最新进展，并根据其超分子相互作用的性质对它们进行分类。特别强调了超分子水凝胶的分类及其相关特性，包括动力学、机械特性、响应性和溶胀行为。该综述具体阐述了水凝胶在应用于生物墨水之前必须满足的标准。要实现生物相容性和生物活性，需要仔细选择具有合适特性的水凝胶组合物，并加入外部有机或无机生物活性分子。详细讨论了测量和增强生物物理和生化特性的方法，同时探讨了针对每种增材制造方法定制的生物墨水的独特要求。这篇综述文章为超分子水凝胶的构建和表征提供了指导性资源，促进了它们在组织工程生物墨水中的应用。
