Jalali Kimia, Pastor-Villaescusa Belén, Flores-Rojas Katherine, Pleguezuelos Vanessa, Pérez-Cano Francisco J, Franch-Masferrer Àngels, Trujillo-Mesa Antonio J, Hernández-Herrero M Manuela, Roig-Sagués Artur X
Centre d'Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, TECNIO CERTA-UAB, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14001 Córdoba, Spain.
Foods. 2025 Apr 9;14(8):1310. doi: 10.3390/foods14081310.
Most donor human milk (HM) banks use Holder pasteurization (HoP) to ensure microbiological safety, although it can degrade essential bioactive factors for newborns. This study evaluates the innovative ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) technology as a potential alternative. , , (formerly named ) and strains were used as surrogates for common HM pathogens according to European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) guidelines, to evaluate the efficacy of new technologies. A reconstituted powder milk formula inoculated with these strains was used to determine the most efficient conditions (those to achieve a lethality of ≥5 Log), applying treatments from 150 to 300 MPa. These treatments were later validated using inoculated HM with the same strains. Immunoglobulin (sIgA, IgG, IgM) retention was also evaluated and compared with HoP. Results showed that UHPH treatments at 200 MPa achieved a lethality > 5 Log for all strains, except for , which required 250 MPa for complete inactivation in HM. Unlike HoP, UHPH at 200 and 250 MPa did not significantly reduce the basal concentration of sIgA, IgG, or IgM compared with raw HM. These findings suggest UHPH as a promising alternative to HoP, maintaining both microbiological safety and immunological quality.
大多数捐赠人乳库采用低温长时间巴氏杀菌法（HoP）来确保微生物安全，尽管这种方法会破坏对新生儿至关重要的生物活性因子。本研究评估了创新的超高压均质化（UHPH）技术作为一种潜在替代方法的可能性。根据欧洲母乳库协会（EMBA）的指导方针，使用金黄色葡萄球菌（原名金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌）和大肠杆菌菌株作为常见人乳病原体的替代物，以评估新技术的效果。使用接种了这些菌株的复原奶粉配方来确定最有效的条件（即达到≥5个对数的致死率的条件），压力范围为150至300兆帕。随后使用接种了相同菌株的人乳对这些处理进行验证。还评估了免疫球蛋白（分泌型IgA、IgG、IgM）的保留情况，并与低温长时间巴氏杀菌法进行比较。结果表明，200兆帕的超高压均质化处理对所有菌株的致死率均>5个对数，但金黄色葡萄球菌除外，在人乳中其完全失活需要250兆帕。与低温长时间巴氏杀菌法不同，200和250兆帕的超高压均质化处理与生鲜人乳相比，并未显著降低分泌型IgA、IgG或IgM的基础浓度。这些发现表明，超高压均质化是低温长时间巴氏杀菌法的一种有前景的替代方法，既能维持微生物安全又能保持免疫质量。
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