Shinsugi Chisa, Takimoto Hidemi
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan.
Department of Empirical Social Security Research, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Tokyo 100-0011, Japan.
Foods. 2025 Apr 17;14(8):1392. doi: 10.3390/foods14081392.
While unhealthy dietary trends, such as elevated confectionery consumption and decreased fruit intake, have been documented in adults, the longitudinal patterns of food consumption during childhood remain inadequately characterized. This study aimed to describe national trends in food group intakes among children and adolescents in Japan.
Data on participants aged 1-19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2001 to 2019 ( = 37,072) were used in this study. A 1-day, semi-weighed, household-based dietary record was used to assess dietary intake.
Decreasing trends in the intakes of animal-based foods, potatoes and starches, sugars and sweeteners, fruits (annual percentage change [APC] range: -5.04 to -0.62), algae, fish and shellfish (APC range: -3.22 to -2.02), eggs, milks, fats and oils, and confectionery were observed, while intakes of meats (APC range: 1.02 to 1.92) and beverages (APC range: 1.36 to 2.51) increased. Consumption of plant-based foods, cereals, legumes, nuts and seeds, vegetables, and mushrooms was mostly unchanged, whereas variable intakes of seasonings and spices were observed.
This study showed that the intakes of many food groups (e.g., fruits, fish and shellfish, and milk) decreased among children and adolescents, but some increased (e.g., meats and beverages) or remained stable (e.g., cereals and vegetables). Further evidence is needed to enable policymakers to set target interventions to improve children's diets.
虽然在成年人中已记录到不健康的饮食趋势，如糖果消费增加和水果摄入量减少，但儿童期食物消费的纵向模式仍未得到充分描述。本研究旨在描述日本儿童和青少年食物组摄入量的全国趋势。
本研究使用了2001年至2019年全国健康与营养调查中1至19岁参与者的数据（n = 37,072）。采用为期1天的基于家庭的半称重饮食记录来评估饮食摄入量。
观察到动物性食物、土豆和淀粉、糖和甜味剂、水果（年百分比变化[APC]范围：-5.04至-0.62）、藻类、鱼类和贝类（APC范围：-3.22至-2.02）、鸡蛋、牛奶、油脂和糖果的摄入量呈下降趋势，而肉类（APC范围：1.02至1.92）和饮料（APC范围：1.36至2.51）的摄入量增加。植物性食物、谷物、豆类、坚果和种子、蔬菜以及蘑菇的消费量大多保持不变，而调味料和香料的摄入量则有所不同。
本研究表明，儿童和青少年中许多食物组（如水果、鱼类和贝类以及牛奶）的摄入量下降，但有些食物组（如肉类和饮料）的摄入量增加或保持稳定（如谷物和蔬菜）。需要进一步的证据，以使政策制定者能够制定针对性的干预措施来改善儿童的饮食。
