Peng Xiaoxiang, Hu Huiyu, Liu Yuwei, Li Jia, Huang Yilun, Wang Haiwa, Wang Ziyi, Wang Yuting
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
Foods. 2025 Apr 21;14(8):1429. doi: 10.3390/foods14081429.
The dietary intake amount of processing contaminants does not reflect their actual exposure risk due to interactions with the food matrix during gastrointestinal processes, which significantly modulate their bioaccessibility. This study systematically investigated the in vitro digestion patterns of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and α-dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs) in biscuits and the modulatory effects of ferulic acid and epicatechin. The results demonstrated that more than 80% of AGEs and α-DCs were present in the bioaccessible fraction of the samples after intestinal digestion. Ferulic acid (FA, 0.05%, /) significantly increased the AGEs content in the bioaccessible fraction after intestinal digestion compared to control samples. Conversely, FA at 0.2% and 0.5%, as well as epicatechin (EC) at 0.05%, significantly reduced the glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone levels during oral digestion and significantly increased these contaminants contents after gastric digestion. The higher the concentration of EC, the lower the level of methylglyoxal during oral and gastric digestion. In addition, we identified the adducts of FA with lysine and the adducts of EC with Nε-Carboxymethyl-lysine using LC-QTOF-MS, demonstrating the reactivity between polyphenols, amino acids and contaminants. This study provides guidance and suggestions for mitigating dietary exposure to AGEs and α-DCs.
加工污染物的膳食摄入量并不能反映其实际暴露风险，因为在胃肠道过程中它们会与食物基质相互作用，这会显著调节它们的生物可及性。本研究系统地研究了饼干中晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）和α-二羰基化合物（α-DCs）的体外消化模式以及阿魏酸和表儿茶素的调节作用。结果表明，肠道消化后超过80%的AGEs和α-DCs存在于样品的生物可及部分中。与对照样品相比，阿魏酸（FA，0.05%，/）显著增加了肠道消化后生物可及部分中的AGEs含量。相反，0.2%和0.5%的FA以及0.05%的表儿茶素（EC）在口腔消化期间显著降低了乙二醛和3-脱氧葡萄糖酮水平，并在胃消化后显著增加了这些污染物的含量。EC浓度越高，口腔和胃消化期间甲基乙二醛的水平越低。此外，我们使用液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（LC-QTOF-MS）鉴定了FA与赖氨酸的加合物以及EC与Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸的加合物，证明了多酚、氨基酸和污染物之间的反应性。本研究为减少膳食中AGEs和α-DCs的暴露提供了指导和建议。
