体重指数和握力对老年人跌倒的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查的纵向研究

Effects of BMI and grip strength on older adults' falls-A longitudinal study based on CHARLS.

作者信息

Huang Lei, Shen Xiaoxin, Zou Yuliang, Wang Yanming

机构信息

Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital (Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Center of Health Management, Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 4;12:1415360. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415360. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415360

PMID:39697292

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11652278/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Body Mass Index (BMI) and grip strength are potentially important risk factors for falls among the older adults. Currently, there is no consensus on the combined effects of grip strength and BMI on falls in the older adults, particularly among the Chinese older adults.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the incidence of falls among older adults in China and explore the association between BMI and grip strength and the risk of falls in older adults.

METHODS

Data of participants over 60 in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011 and 2013 were collected. Sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, chronic disease status, history of falls and depression and cognitive status were obtained through the 2011 baseline questionnaire. Height, weight and grip strength were collected from a unified physical examination in 2011. Falls during the follow-up period were obtained through the follow-up questionnaire in 2013. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between BMI and grip strength and the risk of falls.

RESULTS

Three thousand six hundred and eighty-five participants over 60 (67.14 ± 6.08) were included, with a fall incidence rate of 17.37%. The fall incidence rate in females (21.15%) was higher than that in male (13.46%). After adjusting covariates, high grip strength was associated with lower falls risks in general population (OR = 0.76; 95 : 0.630-0.923) and males (OR = 0.68; 95 : 0.503-0.919). Underweight was associated with lower falls risks in general population (OR = 0.77; 95 : 0.595-0.981) and females (OR = 0.69; 95 : 0.486-0.962) compared to the normal BMI group. Compared with the low grip strength group, females with high grip strength (OR = 0.54; 95 : 0.29-0.98) had a lower risk of falls in the underweight BMI group and males with high grip strength (OR = 0.63; 95 : 0.43-0.92) had lower risk of falls in the normal BMI group.

CONCLUSIONS

High grip strength and underweight BMI are independently correlated with a lower fall risk, which varies between males and females.

摘要

背景

体重指数（BMI）和握力是老年人跌倒的潜在重要风险因素。目前，关于握力和BMI对老年人跌倒的综合影响尚无共识，尤其是在中国老年人中。

目的

调查中国老年人跌倒的发生率，探讨BMI和握力与老年人跌倒风险之间的关联。

方法

收集了中国健康与养老追踪调查2011年和2013年60岁以上参与者的数据。通过2011年基线问卷获取社会人口学变量、生活方式、慢性病状况、跌倒史、抑郁和认知状况。2011年统一体检收集身高、体重和握力数据。随访期间的跌倒情况通过2013年随访问卷获取。采用逻辑回归分析探讨BMI和握力与跌倒风险之间的关联。

结果

纳入3685名60岁以上参与者（67.14±6.08），跌倒发生率为17.37%。女性跌倒发生率（21.15%）高于男性（13.46%）。调整协变量后，握力高与一般人群（OR=0.76；95%CI：0.630-0.923）和男性（OR=0.68；95%CI：0.503-0.919）跌倒风险较低相关。与正常BMI组相比，体重过轻与一般人群（OR=0.77；95%CI：0.595-0.981）和女性（OR=0.69；95%CI：0.486-0.962）跌倒风险较低相关。与握力低组相比，体重过轻BMI组中握力高的女性（OR=0.54；95%CI：0.29-0.98）跌倒风险较低，正常BMI组中握力高的男性（OR=0.63；95%CI：0.43-0.92）跌倒风险较低。