Applications and Benefits of Dietary Supplements in Taekwondo: A Systematic Review.

Dietary supplements are commonly employed to provide additional nutritional support for athletes. In taekwondo, there is a need for evidence-based analyses to evaluate the effects of dietary supplements on training outcomes, competitive performance, and injury recovery. Taekwondo primarily relies on oxidative metabolism, yet decisive lower-limb attacks depend on non-oxidative pathways. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in November 2024, utilizing keywords including 'Dietary Supplements', 'Supplements', 'Food Supplementations', and 'Taekwondo'. Of the 203 articles identified, 26 met the inclusion criteria, collectively assessing the impact of 14 different dietary supplements. Among these studies, eight provided strong evidence that acute ingestion of 3-5 mg/kg of caffeine significantly enhanced athletes' physical performance and psychological well-being. However, the ergogenic effects of the compound Fufang Ejiaojiang, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, beetroot, vitamins, and long beans require further investigation to validate their efficacy. Additionally, dietary supplements, such as amino acids, turmeric powder, ginger, spirulina, octacosanol, nucleotides, and yogurt, can reduce fatigue, supporting injury recovery, and boosting immune function, although current evidence remains insufficient. Future research should pay closer attention to reporting adverse reactions linked to dietary supplements. Doing so would provide coaches and athletes with more reliable safety information, supporting safer choices and reducing potential health risks.