Smajdor Joanna, Fendrych Katarzyna, Górska-Ratusznik Anna
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Lukasiewicz Research Network-Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska St., 30-418 Krakow, Poland.
Micromachines (Basel). 2025 Mar 31;16(4):423. doi: 10.3390/mi16040423.
This review concentrates on the application of carbon-based materials in the development and fabrication of voltammetric sensors of antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of moderate to severe depression, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and various phobias. Voltammetric techniques offer outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, accuracy, low detection limit, high reproducibility, instrumental simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and short time of direct determination of antidepressant drugs in pharmaceutical and clinical samples. Moreover, the combination of voltammetric approaches with the unique characteristics of carbon and its derivatives has led to the development of powerful electrochemical sensing tools for detecting antidepressant drugs, which are highly desirable in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, carbon-based materials, such as glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond, and a wide spectrum of carbon nanoparticles, including graphene, graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were described in terms of the sensing performance of agomelatine, alprazolam, amitriptyline, aripiprazole, carbamazepine, citalopram, clomipramine, clozapine, clonazepam, desipramine, desvenlafaxine, doxepin, duloxetine, flunitrazepam, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, nifedipine, olanzapine, opipramol, paroxetine, quetiapine, serotonin, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trazodone, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine.
本综述着重于碳基材料在用于治疗中度至重度抑郁症、焦虑症、人格障碍及各种恐惧症的抗抑郁药物伏安传感器的开发与制造中的应用。伏安技术具有出色的灵敏度和选择性、准确性、低检测限、高重现性、仪器简单、成本效益高以及能在制药和临床样品中直接快速测定抗抑郁药物等优点。此外，伏安方法与碳及其衍生物的独特特性相结合，催生了用于检测抗抑郁药物的强大电化学传感工具，这在医疗保健、环境监测和制药行业中极具需求。在本综述中，介绍了玻璃碳和硼掺杂金刚石等碳基材料，以及包括石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、单壁碳纳米管和多壁碳纳米管在内的多种碳纳米颗粒，还阐述了它们对阿戈美拉汀、阿普唑仑、阿米替林、阿立哌唑、卡马西平、西酞普兰、氯米帕明、氯氮平、氯硝西泮、地昔帕明、去甲文拉法辛、多塞平、度洛西汀、氟硝西泮、氟西汀、氟伏沙明、丙咪嗪、硝苯地平、奥氮平、奥匹哌醇、帕罗西汀、喹硫平、血清素、舍曲林、舒必利、硫利达嗪、曲唑酮、文拉法辛和伏硫西汀的传感性能。
