Varallo Giorgia, Musetti Alessandro, Filosa Maria, Rapelli Giada, Pizza Fabio, Plazzi Giuseppe, Franceschini Christian
Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2025 Apr 10;14(8):2608. doi: 10.3390/jcm14082608.
: The present scoping review aims to map the existing evidence on psychological and behavioral interventions targeting patients with narcolepsy type 1 and type 2. : A literature search was performed using the databases Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Studies were included if they (1) employed randomized controlled trials, non-randomized trials, or quasi-experimental studies; (2) were published in English; (3) were published in peer-reviewed journals; (4) examined the impact of psychological interventions on psychopathological (primary outcomes) and narcolepsy-related symptoms (secondary outcomes); and (5) involved patients with a diagnosis of narcolepsy using recognized diagnostic criteria regardless of whether they were receiving pharmacological treatment or were untreated. No restrictions were imposed on the publication date to comprehensively map the available evidence. Data were extracted to address the review aims and presented as a narrative synthesis. : The database search yielded six studies. Treatment options for individuals with narcolepsy encompass psychological and behavioral interventions, such as telehealth interventions, meditation/relaxation therapy, and scheduled napping. The primary outcomes were daytime sleepiness, wakefulness maintenance, sleep attacks, the severity of symptoms of narcolepsy, sleep paralysis episodes, depression, and psychological functioning. The secondary outcomes were sleep-problem-related quality of life, sleep inertia, and sleep quality. The psychological and behavioral interventions exhibited variability in terms of the intervention type, personnel involved, number of sessions, and duration. Most of the contributions also lack details regarding the training of professionals and the specifics of the interventions. Additionally, the evidence quality was deemed low based on the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. : Although the importance of nonpharmacological approaches is well recognized, there is limited evidence to support the efficacy of psychological and behavioral interventions in narcolepsy. This is further complicated by the wide range of psychological and behavioral interventions available.
本综述旨在梳理针对1型和2型发作性睡病患者的心理和行为干预的现有证据。使用Scopus、PubMed和PsycINFO数据库进行文献检索。纳入的研究需满足以下条件：（1）采用随机对照试验、非随机试验或准实验研究；（2）以英文发表；（3）发表于同行评审期刊；（4）考察心理干预对精神病理学（主要结局）和发作性睡病相关症状（次要结局）的影响；（5）纳入使用公认诊断标准确诊为发作性睡病的患者，无论其是否接受药物治疗或未接受治疗。对发表日期不设限制，以全面梳理现有证据。提取数据以实现综述目的，并以叙述性综合形式呈现。数据库检索共获得六项研究。发作性睡病患者的治疗选择包括心理和行为干预，如远程医疗干预、冥想/放松疗法和定时小睡。主要结局包括日间嗜睡、觉醒维持、睡眠发作、发作性睡病症状严重程度、睡眠瘫痪发作、抑郁和心理功能。次要结局包括与睡眠问题相关的生活质量、睡眠惰性和睡眠质量。心理和行为干预在干预类型、参与人员、疗程数量和持续时间方面存在差异。大多数研究也缺乏关于专业人员培训和干预细节的信息。此外，根据克劳批判性评估工具，证据质量被认为较低。尽管非药物方法的重要性已得到充分认可，但支持心理和行为干预对发作性睡病疗效的证据有限。可用的心理和行为干预种类繁多，这进一步加剧了这种复杂性。
