Znyk Małgorzata, Raciborski Filip, Kaleta Dorota
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Environmental Hazard Prevention, Allergology and Immunology, Warsaw Medical University, Banacha 1a, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Apr 16;14(8):2734. doi: 10.3390/jcm14082734.
Little is currently known of the impact of heated tobacco on health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of heated tobacco use on selected health assessment parameters among people aged 18-30 to determine the effect on health status. A case-control study was conducted from April 2022 to February 2025. A total of 195 young, healthy adult residents of Lodz, Poland, took part. The participants were divided into three groups: IQOS (I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking) smokers who had never smoked or who had quit smoking six months previously ( = 65); daily smokers who had smoked at least five cigarettes per day for at least one year and had not used any other smoking substitutes for at least one year ( = 65); and people who have never smoked or used tobacco products ( = 65). Blood samples from 37 IQOS users (57%), 28 traditional cigarette smokers (43%), and 45 non-smokers (69%) were submitted for laboratory analysis. The tested parameters were determined in the diagnostic laboratory of the Bonifratów Hospital in Lodz. No significant differences ( > 0.05) were found between the groups with regard to blood count (white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), lymphocytes, monocyte number (MONO), hemoglobin concentration (HGB)), biochemical biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1), apolipoprotein B (apo B), glucose), or lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)). The cigarette smokers demonstrated significantly higher uric acid levels compared to the IQOS users and non-smokers: 5.22 vs. 4.77 vs. 4.40 mg/dL ( < 0.01). The IQOS users demonstrated significantly higher platelet count levels compared to cigarette smokers and non-smokers: 290.27 vs. 267.14 vs. 256.33 × 10/ μL ( < 0.05). Among the IQOS users ( = 37), the level of glucose (ρ = -0.47; = 0.01), WBC (ρ = -0.36; = 0.03), lymphocytes (ρ = -0.38; = 0.02), and uric acid (ρ = -0.34; = 0.04) was negatively correlated with the daily number of heated tobacco sticks. The HDL level was positively correlated (ρ = 0.39; = 0.02) with the daily number of heated tobacco sticks. Further cohort studies assessing the health status of young users of heated nicotine products and prospective analyses are necessary.
目前对于加热烟草对健康的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估18至30岁人群使用加热烟草对选定的健康评估参数的影响，以确定其对健康状况的作用。于2022年4月至2025年2月开展了一项病例对照研究。波兰罗兹市共有195名年轻、健康的成年居民参与。参与者被分为三组：从未吸烟或在六个月前戒烟的IQOS（我戒烟-普通-吸烟）使用者（n = 65）；每天至少吸五支烟且至少持续一年且至少一年未使用任何其他吸烟替代品的每日吸烟者（n = 65）；以及从未吸烟或使用烟草制品的人（n = 65）。来自37名IQOS使用者（57%）、28名传统卷烟吸烟者（43%）和45名非吸烟者（69%）的血样被送去进行实验室分析。所检测的参数在罗兹市博尼弗拉托夫医院的诊断实验室中测定。在血细胞计数（白细胞计数（WBC）、红细胞计数（RBC）、淋巴细胞、单核细胞数量（MONO）、血红蛋白浓度（HGB））、生化生物标志物（C反应蛋白（CRP）、纤维蛋白原、载脂蛋白A1（apo A1）、载脂蛋白B（apo B）、葡萄糖）或血脂谱（总胆固醇、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL））方面，各组之间未发现显著差异（p > 0.05）。与IQOS使用者和非吸烟者相比，卷烟吸烟者的尿酸水平显著更高：分别为5.22、4.77和4.40 mg/dL（p < 0.01）。与卷烟吸烟者和非吸烟者相比，IQOS使用者的血小板计数水平显著更高：分别为290.27、267.14和256.33×10⁹/μL（p < 0.05）。在IQOS使用者（n = 37）中，葡萄糖水平（ρ = -0.47；p = 0.01）、白细胞水平（ρ = -0.36；p = 0.03）、淋巴细胞水平（ρ = -0.38；p = 0.02）和尿酸水平（ρ = -0.34；p = 0.04）与每日加热烟草棒的数量呈负相关。高密度脂蛋白水平与每日加热烟草棒的数量呈正相关（ρ = 0.39；p = 0.02）。有必要进一步开展队列研究以评估年轻加热尼古丁产品使用者的健康状况并进行前瞻性分析。
