Piekoszewska-Ziętek Paula, Spodzieja Karolina, Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 10;17(8):1317. doi: 10.3390/nu17081317.
This systematic review aims to investigate the potential association between vitamin D levels and the occurrence of developmental enamel defects (DDE) in children, including conditions like molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs). DDEs, which occur during tooth development, can result in significant aesthetic and functional issues, and their exact etiology remains unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing. Among environmental factors, vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as a possible risk factor, given its role in enamel mineralization. A thorough literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The search strategy included terms such as "vitamin D", "vitamin D deficiency", "developmental defects of enamel", "enamel hypoplasia", "molar-incisor hypomineralization", and "hypomineralized second primary molars". Studies were included if they were original human observational research (cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional) conducted in children under 18 years of age or involving maternal-child cohorts. Ten studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 15,891 participants. The primary data extracted from the selected studies included the following: study design, participants' age, sample size, vitamin D status in relation to developmental defects of enamel, and statistical significance The findings were mixed, with only a few studies suggesting a significant association between low vitamin D levels and the presence of DDEs. Specifically, one study found a link between insufficient maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and an increased number of teeth affected by MIH in children. However, the majority of the studies did not report a significant association. This review concludes that while there is some evidence to suggest a possible relationship between vitamin D and DDEs, more research is needed to confirm these findings and better understand the underlying mechanisms.
本系统评价旨在研究儿童维生素D水平与发育性釉质缺陷（DDE）发生之间的潜在关联，包括磨牙-切牙矿化不全（MIH）和第二乳磨牙矿化不全（HSPM）等情况。DDE在牙齿发育过程中出现，可导致严重的美观和功能问题，其确切病因尚不清楚，遗传和环境因素均有影响。在环境因素中，维生素D缺乏因其在釉质矿化中的作用，被认为是一个可能的风险因素。我们在PubMed、Scopus和Embase中进行了全面的文献检索。检索策略包括“维生素D”、“维生素D缺乏”、“釉质发育缺陷”、“釉质发育不全”、“磨牙-切牙矿化不全”和“第二乳磨牙矿化不全”等术语。纳入的研究需为针对18岁以下儿童开展的原创性人体观察性研究（队列研究、病例对照研究或横断面研究）或涉及母婴队列研究。分析纳入了10项研究，共有15891名参与者。从所选研究中提取的主要数据包括：研究设计、参与者年龄、样本量、与釉质发育缺陷相关的维生素D状况以及统计学意义。研究结果不一，只有少数研究表明低维生素D水平与DDE的存在之间存在显著关联。具体而言，一项研究发现孕期母亲维生素D水平不足与儿童中受MIH影响的牙齿数量增加之间存在联系。然而，大多数研究并未报告显著关联。本综述得出结论，虽然有一些证据表明维生素D与DDE之间可能存在关系，但需要更多研究来证实这些发现并更好地理解其潜在机制。
