Barua Nilakshi, Rahman Nannur, Tin Martha C F, Yang Liuyue, Alim Abdul, Akther Farhana, Handapangoda Nelum, Manathunga Thamali Ayeshcharya, Jinadasa Rasika N, Liyanapathirana Veranja, Luo Mingjing, Ip Margaret
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.
Microorganisms. 2025 Mar 21;13(4):704. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040704.
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) can spread from animals to humans, but how it adapts to infect both is not fully understood. Our review aimed to determine the prevalence of MRSA in livestock, poultry, and companion animals in different countries, including Bangladesh, the Hong Kong SAR, Mainland China, and Sri Lanka. Articles were collected using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Only prevalence studies that followed the PICO guidelines were included. A random-effects model meta-analysis was used to pool the data. The quality of the evidence and bias were assessed using the GRADEpro and Cochrane collaboration tools. Out of 1438 articles, 69 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The studies showed significant heterogeneity ( = 97.00%, < 0.0001) in the prevalence of MRSA colonization. Therefore, a random-effects model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of MRSA colonization, which was found to be 4.92% (95% CI: 3.79% to 6.18%). Begg's test ( = 0.0002) and Egger's test ( = 0.0044) revealed publication bias. Subgroup analysis of the pooled prevalence of MRSA showed a significant difference ( < 0.00001) when the subgroups were divided by country, MRSA detection method, whether pre-enrichment was performed or not, study period, sample collection location, and study population. Although significant factors can partially explain the heterogeneity, it is crucial to recognize the heterogeneity within different subgroups. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was found to vary significantly ( < 0.00001) among the study periods and has increased since the study period of 2020. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously monitor and implement measures to control the spread of MRSA in animals to minimize the risk of transmission to humans.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）可从动物传播至人类，但它如何适应并感染这两类宿主尚未完全明确。我们的综述旨在确定不同国家（包括孟加拉国、中国香港特别行政区、中国大陆和斯里兰卡）的家畜、家禽及伴侣动物中MRSA的流行情况。通过PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus、CINAHL和谷歌学术收集文章。仅纳入遵循PICO指南的患病率研究。采用随机效应模型荟萃分析来汇总数据。使用GRADEpro和Cochrane协作工具评估证据质量和偏倚。在1438篇文章中，69项研究符合荟萃分析的条件。这些研究显示MRSA定植患病率存在显著异质性（I² = 97.00%，P < 0.0001）。因此，采用随机效应模型来确定MRSA定植的合并患病率，结果为4.92%（95%置信区间：3.79%至6.18%）。Begg检验（P = 0.0002）和Egger检验（P = 0.0044）显示存在发表偏倚。按国家、MRSA检测方法、是否进行预富集、研究时期、样本采集地点和研究人群对亚组进行划分时，MRSA合并患病率的亚组分析显示存在显著差异（P < 0.00001）。尽管显著因素可部分解释异质性，但认识到不同亚组内的异质性至关重要。MRSA的合并患病率在不同研究时期之间差异显著（P < 0.00001），且自2020年研究时期以来有所上升。因此，持续监测并采取措施控制MRSA在动物中的传播，以尽量降低传播给人类的风险至关重要。
