Ginayatov Nurbek, Aitpayeva Zukhra, Zhubantayev Izimgali, Kassymbekova Leila, Zhanabayev Assylbek, Abulgazimova Gulmira, Arynova Raikhan, Bizhanov Alim, Mussayeva Assiya, Berdikulov Maxat, Aisin Marat, Sayakova Zaure, Tursunkulov Spandiyar, Rametov Nurkuisa, Akhmadiyeva Ainur, Bulasheva Aigul, Jussupbekova Nurgul, Yeskhojayev Olzhas, Baikadamova Gulnara, Kushaliyev Kaissar, Burambayeva Nadezhda, Issimov Arman
Laboratory of Biotechnology and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, Zhangir KhanWest Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, Oral 030000, Kazakhstan.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhangir KhanWest Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, Oral 030000, Kazakhstan.
Vet Sci. 2025 Apr 4;12(4):335. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12040335.
Rabies remains a significant public health and economic concern in Kazakhstan, particularly in rural livestock-farming communities. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to rabies among livestock farmers in the Aktobe and Oral regions of West Kazakhstan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and August 2022, involving 688 randomly selected participants. The data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 89% of respondents were aware of rabies, yet significant knowledge gaps existed regarding clinical signs, transmission, and prevention. While 87% recognized the importance of rabies vaccination in dogs, 81% were unaware of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for cattle, and 72% lacked knowledge of PrEP for humans. Awareness of the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimen was significantly higher in the Aktobe region ( < 0.002). Attitudinal differences were observed, with the Oral region participants exhibiting more favorable perceptions of rabies control programs ( < 0.01). Additionally, the χ test revealed that the proportion of female respondents ( < 0.02), those with school-aged dependents ( < 0.003), respondents owning both exotic and indigenous cattle breeds ( < 0.002), and those possessing more than five cattle ( < 0.025) was statistically different in the Oral region. Practices such as free grazing, lack of protective equipment use, and improper carcass disposal were identified as potential risk factors for rabies transmission. This study highlights the need for targeted educational initiatives to improve rabies awareness and promote safer livestock management practices. Enhancing veterinary surveillance, strengthening community engagement, and expanding vaccination efforts could mitigate rabies transmission risks.
狂犬病在哈萨克斯坦仍然是一个重大的公共卫生和经济问题，特别是在农村畜牧养殖社区。本研究旨在评估哈萨克斯坦西部阿克托别和乌拉尔地区畜牧养殖户对狂犬病的知识、态度和行为（KAPs）。2022年4月至8月进行了一项横断面调查，涉及688名随机挑选的参与者。通过结构化访谈收集数据，并使用描述性和推断性统计进行分析。研究结果显示，89%的受访者知晓狂犬病，但在临床症状、传播和预防方面仍存在重大知识差距。虽然87%的人认识到犬类狂犬病疫苗接种的重要性，但81%的人不知道牛的暴露前预防（PrEP），72%的人缺乏对人类PrEP的了解。阿克托别地区对暴露后预防（PEP）方案的知晓率显著更高（<0.002）。观察到态度上的差异，乌拉尔地区的参与者对狂犬病防控计划的看法更为积极（<0.01）。此外，χ检验显示，乌拉尔地区女性受访者的比例（<0.02）、有学龄受抚养人的受访者比例（<0.003）、拥有外来和本地牛品种的受访者比例（<0.002）以及拥有五头以上牛的受访者比例（<0.025）在统计学上存在差异。自由放牧、缺乏使用防护设备以及不当处理尸体等行为被确定为狂犬病传播的潜在风险因素。本研究强调需要开展有针对性的教育举措，以提高对狂犬病的认识并推广更安全的畜牧管理做法。加强兽医监测、增强社区参与以及扩大疫苗接种工作可以降低狂犬病传播风险。
