Imanbayeva Dinara, Pérez Aguirreburualde Maria Sol, Knauer Whitney, Tegzhanov Azimkhan, Yustyniuk Valeriia, Arzt Jonathan, Perez Andres, Njeumi Felix, Parida Satya
Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Viruses. 2025 Apr 14;17(4):563. doi: 10.3390/v17040563.
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants that severely threatens rural livelihoods and global food security. Under the Global Framework for the Progressive Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs), the international animal health community has set the ambitious goal of eradicating PPR by 2030. However, significant disparities persist in the progression of PPR control across regions. This scoping review assesses the setbacks, deviations, and progress of 42 countries in Eastern, Western, and Northern Africa, as well as West Eurasia, toward achieving official freedom-from-PPR status. Progress was evaluated across key areas using the stepwise PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy (GCES) approach and the PPR Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT). The eligibility criteria included PubMed peer-reviewed studies, FAO/WOAH reports, presentations, guidelines, and country/region-specific PPR control plans from 2014 through 2024. The data are generated using qualitative and quantitative analyses, including spatial mapping and GCES stepwise progress evaluation. The findings reveal that many (31%) countries in the assessed regions remain in Stage 1 of the Progressive Stepwise Approach, whereas 59.5% have reached Stages 2 and 3, and only 4.8% are in Stage 4. Countries in Western Eurasia have achieved significant progress towards PPR control, with countries achieving PPR-free status, whereas, compared to Eastern and Northern Africa, the Western African region remains in the early control stages due to infrastructure gaps and resource constraints. Additionally, the recent suspension of PPR-free status in Romania, Greece and Hungary following disease emergence underscored vulnerabilities in historically free countries. The analysis results reiterate the critical role of regional collaboration, surveillance tools, and the integration of wildlife monitoring in advancing PPR control. These insights provide actionable pathways to addressing persistent barriers, highlighting the importance of adaptable, evidence-based approaches in achieving the global goal of PPR eradication by 2030.
小反刍兽疫（PPR）是一种小反刍动物的高度传染性病毒性疾病，严重威胁农村生计和全球粮食安全。在《跨界动物疾病渐进式控制全球框架》（GF-TADs）下，国际动物卫生界设定了到2030年根除小反刍兽疫的宏伟目标。然而，各地区在小反刍兽疫控制进展方面仍存在显著差异。本范围综述评估了东非、西非、北非以及西亚的42个国家在实现官方无小反刍兽疫状态方面的挫折、偏差和进展。使用逐步的小反刍兽疫全球控制和根除战略（GCES）方法以及小反刍兽疫监测和评估工具（PMAT），对关键领域的进展进行了评估。纳入标准包括2014年至2024年期间发表于PubMed的同行评议研究、粮农组织/世界动物卫生组织报告、演讲、指南以及国家/地区特定的小反刍兽疫控制计划。数据通过定性和定量分析生成，包括空间映射和GCES逐步进展评估。研究结果显示，评估区域内许多（31%）国家仍处于渐进式方法的第1阶段，而59.5%的国家已达到第2和第3阶段，只有4.8%处于第4阶段。西亚国家在小反刍兽疫控制方面取得了显著进展，部分国家已实现无小反刍兽疫状态；而与东非和北非相比，西非地区由于基础设施差距和资源限制，仍处于早期控制阶段。此外，罗马尼亚、希腊和匈牙利在疾病出现后近期暂停了无小反刍兽疫状态，凸显了历史上无疫国家的脆弱性。分析结果重申了区域合作、监测工具以及野生动物监测整合在推进小反刍兽疫控制中的关键作用。这些见解为解决持续存在的障碍提供了可操作的途径，强调了适应性强、基于证据的方法在实现2030年全球根除小反刍兽疫目标方面的重要性。
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