Ramos Lucas P, Vu Viet T, Pettersson Mats I, Dammert Patrik, Duarte Leonardo T, Machado Renato
Department of Telecommunications, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, São José dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil.
Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Apr 16;25(8):2506. doi: 10.3390/s25082506.
One of the main challenges in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) change detection involves using SAR images from different flight passes. Depending on the flight pass, objects have different specular reflections since the radar cross-sections of these objects can be totally different between passes. Then, it is common knowledge that the flight passes must be close to identical for conventional SAR change detection. Wavelength-resolution SAR refers to a SAR system with a spatial resolution approximately equal to the wavelength. This high relative resolution helps to stabilize the ground clutter in the SAR images. Consequently, the restricted requirement about identical flight passes for SAR change detection can be relaxed, and SAR change detection becomes possible with nonidentical passes. This paper shows that robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is efficient for change detection even using wavelength-resolution SAR images acquired with very different flight passes. It presents several SAR change detection experimental results using flight pass differences up to 95°. For slightly different passes, e.g., 5°, our method reached a false alarm rate (FAR) of approximately one false alarm per square kilometer for a probability of detection (PD) above 90%. In a particular setting, it achieves a PD of 97.5% for a FAR of 0.917 false alarms per square kilometer, even using SAR images acquired with nonidentical passes.
合成孔径雷达（SAR）变化检测的主要挑战之一涉及使用来自不同飞行航次的SAR图像。根据飞行航次的不同，由于这些物体的雷达横截面在不同航次之间可能完全不同，物体具有不同的镜面反射。因此，对于传统的SAR变化检测来说，飞行航次必须近乎相同，这是常识。波长分辨率SAR是指一种空间分辨率近似等于波长的SAR系统。这种高相对分辨率有助于稳定SAR图像中的地面杂波。因此，可以放宽对SAR变化检测中相同飞行航次的严格要求，并且使用不同航次的图像进行SAR变化检测成为可能。本文表明，即使使用通过非常不同的飞行航次获取的波长分辨率SAR图像，鲁棒主成分分析（RPCA）对于变化检测也是有效的。它展示了几个使用高达95°的飞行航次差异的SAR变化检测实验结果。对于稍有不同的航次，例如5°，在检测概率（PD）高于90%时，我们的方法达到了大约每平方公里一次误报的误报率（FAR）。在特定设置下，即使使用通过不同航次获取的SAR图像，在每平方公里0.917次误报的FAR情况下，它也实现了97.5%的PD。
