Yujra Rivas Eddy, Vyacheslavov Alexander, V Gogolinskiy Kirill, Sapozhnikova Kseniia, Taymanov Roald
Department of Metrology, Instrumentation and Quality Management, Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg 199106, Russia.
Materials Science Department, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Apr 17;25(8):2548. doi: 10.3390/s25082548.
This study investigates the reliability of Francis turbines and highlights the critical need for an improved deformation monitoring system for bolts that fasten a hydroturbine head-cover to its casing. During different operational stages of the hydraulic unit, such as start-up, partial load, and full load, the hydroturbine head-cover and its fastening bolts are subjected to static and cyclic loads. The loads generate vibrations and different deformations that must be monitored. Although various measuring instruments, such as vibration sensors and accelerometers, have been developed to monitor hydroturbine vibrations, only two systems-KM-Delta-8-CM and PTK KM-Delta-are currently applied to measure fastening bolt deformation. Furthermore, only one system, SKDS-SISH, was found to monitor the forces inducing this deformation. After analysis, it is evident that the described systems for monitoring the deformation of the fastening bolts do not guarantee the trustworthiness of the measuring sensors and there is a need for their improvement. The implementation of a self-checking function (including metrological features), the development of a digital twin of the sensor, and the application of technologies based on artificial intelligence could solve this problem.
本研究调查了混流式水轮机的可靠性，并强调了改进用于将水轮机顶盖固定到其外壳的螺栓变形监测系统的迫切需求。在水轮机机组的不同运行阶段，如启动、部分负荷和满负荷运行时，水轮机顶盖及其紧固螺栓会承受静态和循环载荷。这些载荷会产生振动和不同的变形，必须对其进行监测。尽管已经开发了各种测量仪器，如振动传感器和加速度计来监测水轮机振动，但目前只有两种系统——KM-Delta-8-CM和PTK KM-Delta——用于测量紧固螺栓的变形。此外，仅发现一种系统SKDS-SISH用于监测引起这种变形的力。经过分析，很明显，所描述的用于监测紧固螺栓变形的系统不能保证测量传感器的可靠性，因此需要对其进行改进。实现自检功能（包括计量特性）、开发传感器的数字孪生模型以及应用基于人工智能的技术可以解决这个问题。
